Swimming
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
The course provides theoretical-practical knowledge for planning, developing, and conducting instruction in beginner swimming (basic skills and aquatic readiness), learning elementary and advanced (competition) techniques in swimming, and other forms of movement in water.
Expected learning outcomes
The student will achieve the scientific, technical, methodological and practical knowledge and skills to operate in sport swimming and in further aquatics activities addressed to human development, fitness and health.
Lesson period: Activity scheduled over several sessions (see Course syllabus and organization section for more detailed information).
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
2A
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Course syllabus
Theoretical aspects
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
Prerequisites for admission
No preliminary knowledge required.
Teaching methods
The course is taught via frontal lectures and small workgroups for the theoretical and the practical part as regards didactic-methodological topics. The theoretical topics will be covered in the hall adjacent to the swimming pool (with the aid of slide presentation, multimedia support, and videos). The lesson will continue in water, with an explanation and application of the didactic-methodological components and transmission of the teaching strategies. The entire pool is at the complete disposal of the class, including learning aids and equipment for scientific research.
Teaching Resources
Slide presentation of lessons:
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a practical and theoretical (final interview) part.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
M-EDF/01 - PHYSICAL TRAINING SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
Lessons: 56 hours
Professors:
Scurati Raffaele, Urru Maria Caterina
Shifts:
2B
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Course syllabus
Theoretical aspects
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
Prerequisites for admission
No preliminary knowledge required.
Teaching methods
The course is taught via frontal lectures and small workgroups for the theoretical and the practical part as regards didactic-methodological topics. The theoretical topics will be covered in the hall adjacent to the swimming pool (with the aid of slide presentation, multimedia support, and videos). The lesson will continue in water, with an explanation and application of the didactic-methodological components and transmission of the teaching strategies. The entire pool is at the complete disposal of the class, including learning aids and equipment for scientific research.
Teaching Resources
Slide presentation of lessons:
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a practical and theoretical (final interview) part.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
M-EDF/01 - PHYSICAL TRAINING SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
Lessons: 56 hours
2C
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Course syllabus
Theoretical aspects
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
Prerequisites for admission
No preliminary knowledge required.
Teaching methods
The course is taught via frontal lectures and small workgroups for the theoretical and the practical part as regards didactic-methodological topics. The theoretical topics will be covered in the hall adjacent to the swimming pool (with the aid of slide presentation, multimedia support, and videos). The lesson will continue in water, with an explanation and application of the didactic-methodological components and transmission of the teaching strategies. The entire pool is at the complete disposal of the class, including learning aids and equipment for scientific research.
Teaching Resources
Slide presentation of lessons:
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a practical and theoretical (final interview) part.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
M-EDF/01 - PHYSICAL TRAINING SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
Lessons: 56 hours
2D
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Course syllabus
Theoretical aspects
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
Prerequisites for admission
No preliminary knowledge required.
Teaching methods
The course is taught via frontal lectures and small workgroups for the theoretical and the practical part as regards didactic-methodological topics. The theoretical topics will be covered in the hall adjacent to the swimming pool (with the aid of slide presentation, multimedia support, and videos). The lesson will continue in water, with an explanation and application of the didactic-methodological components and transmission of the teaching strategies. The entire pool is at the complete disposal of the class, including learning aids and equipment for scientific research.
Teaching Resources
Slide presentation of lessons:
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a practical and theoretical (final interview) part.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
M-EDF/01 - PHYSICAL TRAINING SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
Lessons: 56 hours
Professor:
Michielon Giovanni
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Michielon Giovanni2E
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Course syllabus
Theoretical aspects
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
Prerequisites for admission
No preliminary knowledge required.
Teaching methods
The course is taught via frontal lectures and small workgroups for the theoretical and the practical part as regards didactic-methodological topics. The theoretical topics will be covered in the hall adjacent to the swimming pool (with the aid of slide presentation, multimedia support, and videos). The lesson will continue in water, with an explanation and application of the didactic-methodological components and transmission of the teaching strategies. The entire pool is at the complete disposal of the class, including learning aids and equipment for scientific research.
Teaching Resources
Slide presentation of lessons:
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a practical and theoretical (final interview) part.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
M-EDF/01 - PHYSICAL TRAINING SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
Lessons: 56 hours
Professor:
Urru Maria Caterina
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Urru Maria Caterina2F
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Course syllabus
Theoretical aspects
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
Prerequisites for admission
No preliminary knowledge required.
Teaching methods
The course is taught via frontal lectures and small workgroups for the theoretical and the practical part as regards didactic-methodological topics. The theoretical topics will be covered in the hall adjacent to the swimming pool (with the aid of slide presentation, multimedia support, and videos). The lesson will continue in water, with an explanation and application of the didactic-methodological components and transmission of the teaching strategies. The entire pool is at the complete disposal of the class, including learning aids and equipment for scientific research.
Teaching Resources
Slide presentation of lessons:
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a practical and theoretical (final interview) part.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
M-EDF/01 - PHYSICAL TRAINING SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
Lessons: 56 hours
Professor:
Tadini Fabio
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Tadini Fabio2G
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Course syllabus
Theoretical aspects
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
Prerequisites for admission
No preliminary knowledge required.
Teaching methods
The course is taught via frontal lectures and small workgroups for the theoretical and the practical part as regards didactic-methodological topics. The theoretical topics will be covered in the hall adjacent to the swimming pool (with the aid of slide presentation, multimedia support, and videos). The lesson will continue in water, with an explanation and application of the didactic-methodological components and transmission of the teaching strategies. The entire pool is at the complete disposal of the class, including learning aids and equipment for scientific research.
Teaching Resources
Slide presentation of lessons:
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a practical and theoretical (final interview) part.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
M-EDF/01 - PHYSICAL TRAINING SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
Lessons: 56 hours
Professor:
Tadini Fabio
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Tadini Fabio2H
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Course syllabus
Theoretical aspects
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
Prerequisites for admission
No preliminary knowledge required.
Teaching methods
The course is taught via frontal lectures and small workgroups for the theoretical and the practical part as regards didactic-methodological topics. The theoretical topics will be covered in the hall adjacent to the swimming pool (with the aid of slide presentation, multimedia support, and videos). The lesson will continue in water, with an explanation and application of the didactic-methodological components and transmission of the teaching strategies. The entire pool is at the complete disposal of the class, including learning aids and equipment for scientific research.
Teaching Resources
Slide presentation of lessons:
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a practical and theoretical (final interview) part.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
M-EDF/01 - PHYSICAL TRAINING SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
Lessons: 56 hours
Professor:
Urru Maria Caterina
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Urru Maria Caterina2I
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Course syllabus
Theoretical aspects
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
Prerequisites for admission
No preliminary knowledge required.
Teaching methods
The course is taught via frontal lectures and small workgroups for the theoretical and the practical part as regards didactic-methodological topics. The theoretical topics will be covered in the hall adjacent to the swimming pool (with the aid of slide presentation, multimedia support, and videos). The lesson will continue in water, with an explanation and application of the didactic-methodological components and transmission of the teaching strategies. The entire pool is at the complete disposal of the class, including learning aids and equipment for scientific research.
Teaching Resources
Slide presentation of lessons:
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a practical and theoretical (final interview) part.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
M-EDF/01 - PHYSICAL TRAINING SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
Lessons: 56 hours
Professor:
Michielon Giovanni
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Michielon Giovanni2L
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Course syllabus
Theoretical aspects
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
· Illustration of a didactic model for teaching swimming
· Historical overview of the origin, spread, and technical development of sports swimming
· Illustration of the skills and teaching abilities a swimming teacher must possess
· Knowledge of public health standards and safety regulations for swimming pools
· Knowledge of the optimal size and characteristics of a swimming facility; types of pools, length, width, depth; starting blocks; lanes, skimmers; water temperature and pH, chorine; flags; etc.
· Issues in the first level of aquatic activity (basic skills and aquatic readiness) and pedagogy employed by the teacher: problems related to the aquatic environment: fear of water and the righting reflex; the purpose of the aquatic readiness; critical periods; didactic strategies for overcoming fear of water; student observation; organization of the aquatic space; precautions; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variants; evaluation and observation grids
· Mechanical laws of floating; weight force and buoyancy force; analysis of the ability to float and the factors affecting it; analysis of the factors affecting aquatic equilibrium
· Mechanical laws of propulsion in water: analysis of the factors causing resistance to forwarding movement; analysis of theories on aquatic propulsion
· Analysis of the second level of water activity (mastering the aquatic environment: perception of one's body by experimenting with the forces acting on the body in water) and pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; evaluation and observation grids
· Analysis and pre-swimming gymnastic exercise routines: categories of exercises; precautions; general didactic-methodological aspects; aspects specific to age and special needs; lesson plan and timing of exercises; examples of lesson content and tests
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the front and the back crawl; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; the action of upper and lower limbs; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; body roll; International Swimming Federation (FINA) rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the front and the back crawl; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of technique and teaching of the breaststroke and the butterfly; prerequisites; body position; type of movement; upper/lower limb action; upper/lower limb coordination; breathing; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of starts: specific start technique and swimming style; swimming meets and individual characteristics; analysis of start phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of technique and teaching of flip turns: specific technique and swimming style, level and characteristics of the swimmer; analysis of flip turn phases; FINA rules
· Analysis of the third and fourth levels of water activity (trying out the initial routine; drills and progression to the refinement of the breaststroke and the butterfly stroke, starts and turns in both styles; pedagogy employed by the teacher; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Guidelines and pedagogy of progressive teaching from games/play to foster agility and dexterity in water (pairwork, balls, and other equipment in deep water) to swimming activities: rescue; water polo; diving; synchronized (artistic) swimming; flipper swimming; snorkeling; aerobics in water
· Issues regarding training in water, particularly in youth and for health (aquatic training; effects; aerobic endurance training; training for speed and power; training for joint mobility; tests for selecting young swimmers; pedagogy employed by the instructor; lesson planning; specific objectives; methods; content and variant; tests)
· Analysis of teaching models for structuring lessons with sports swimmers
· New technologies in scientific research and measurement in swimming; useful applications for teaching and training
Practical didactic-methodological topics (in relation to theoretical content)
· Discovering the aquatic environment (level 1): progressive learning in aquatic readiness (initial contact with water; water splashed in the face; the head in water; eyes open underwater; breathing control; floating, propulsion, playful exercises in falling, jumping, elementary diving, balancing the body in water)
· Mastering the aquatic environment (level 2): experimentation, application, practical activity; mechanical laws for floating and fluid movement (awareness, understand how to float and keep the body balanced; understand how to move through the water and reduce drag during movement; understand how to hold the head during water activities; distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of different ways of moving in water using the legs in different ways and coordinating leg movement differently; understand the different ways of using the arms and how to best use them for movement)
· Try out the initial techniques in swimming style (crawl, back crawl) and progress the technique to a refined form (levels 3 & 4):
- Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
- Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming exercises
· Trying out the initial technique and progressing it to a refined form combining multiple techniques (breaststroke, butterfly), starts and turns (levels 3 and 4)
· Imitate, discover, try out the initial technique using sensory support, metaphors, play/games, isolation exercises to facilitate learning
· Explore, compare, understand, know how to demonstrate particular points through variation of the basic parameters of a technique (contrast exercises), observation, and reciprocal error correction
· Pre-swimming activity (complementary A level)
A.1 complementary and preparatory exercises for breaststroke, butterfly, starts, turns
A.2 videos and technical diagrams to aid mental representation of movement
· Games for developing agility and dexterity in water, introduction to other swimming sports (complementary B level)
B.1 preparatory activities (swimming and playing with balls; swimming and playing in groups; swimming and playing in pairs or groups without equipment; jumping into the water individually, by twos, by groups; swimming, playing with floats, hoops, batons; relay races and other types of competitions)
B.2 acquisition of the basics of other sports and water activities
· Methodologies for beginner trainers in sports swimming (complementary C level)
C.1 exercises for aerobic training (aquatic pathways; continuous exercise; intermittent exercise)
C.2 exercises for increasing cyclic speed and power (sprints in complete or isolated exercises)
Prerequisites for admission
No preliminary knowledge required.
Teaching methods
The course is taught via frontal lectures and small workgroups for the theoretical and the practical part as regards didactic-methodological topics. The theoretical topics will be covered in the hall adjacent to the swimming pool (with the aid of slide presentation, multimedia support, and videos). The lesson will continue in water, with an explanation and application of the didactic-methodological components and transmission of the teaching strategies. The entire pool is at the complete disposal of the class, including learning aids and equipment for scientific research.
Teaching Resources
Slide presentation of lessons:
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Slide presentations will be available on the Ariel website of the course.
References:
- Bissig M, Amos L, Gröbli C, Cserépy S, Weber PA. Mondo nuoto. Calzetti Mariucci, Città di Castello, PG, 2008
- Counsilman J, Counsilman BE. La nuova scienza del nuoto. Zanichelli, Bologna, 2004
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Rigamonti M. Nuotare giocando - La scoperta dell'ambiente acquatico e il superamento della paura. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1997
- Invernizzi PL, Eid L, Strano S. Nuotare giocando 2 - Agilità e destrezza in acqua. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 1996
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 3 - La didattica nell'apprendimento della tecnica natatoria. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 4 - La senso-percezione acquatica. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2007
- Invernizzi PL, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 5 - La didattica nell'insegnamento delle partenze e virate di base. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2009
- Invernizzi PL, Saronni S, Romagialli B. Nuotare giocando 6 - Il training nella scuola nuoto - Allenare per la salute e per l'educazione. Carabà Universitaria, Milano, 2013
Additional references:
- AAVV Austswim. Teaching swimming and water safety. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2001
- AAVV YMCA. Teaching Swimming Fundamentals. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1999
- Andolfi M, Parigiani M. Scuola nuoto - Esperienze dal bordo vasca. Zanichelli, Bologna, 1989
- Bovi G, Bovi F. Un tuffo nella pluralità. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2001
- Chollet D. Natation sportive - Approche scientifique. Vigot, Paris, 1997
- Colwin C. Breakthrough swimming. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2002
- Guzman RJ. Esercizi in vasca e fuori vasca per tutte le nuotate. Società Stampa Sportiva, Roma, 2005
- Invernizzi PL, Dugnani S, Gnerre A. Acqualandia. Edi-Ermes, Milano, 1998
- Langendorfer SJ, Bruya LD. Aquatic readiness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 1995
- Maglischo EW. Swimming Fastest. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2003
- Mastrorilli M. Con tutto il nuoto del mondo. Schena Editore, Fasano (BR), 2014
- Moretti B, Guerra A. La Scienza e il Nuoto. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Rozzano (MI), 2014
- Thomas D. Swimming - Steps to success. Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, 2005
- Visintin G. Il nuoto semplice. Libreria dello Sport, Milano, 2006
Papers:
Additional articles on subjects of interest will be available at the Ariel website of the course.
Magazines:
· Aqa - Calzetti&Mariucci
· La Tecnica del Nuoto (https://www.federnuoto.it/home/formazione/sit/la-tecnica-del-nuoto.html)
· Il Mondo del Nuoto (http://www.mondonuoto.it)
Web sites:
· www.fina.org - FINA (Federation Internationale de Natation)
· www.lenweb.org - LEN (Ligue Européenne de Natation)
· www.federnuoto.it - FIN (Federazione Italiana Nuoto)
· http://www.finlombardia.eu (Comitato Regionale Lombardo)
· www.nuoto.com
· https://swimmingcoach.org
· https://www.natationpourtous.com
· http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com
· https://www.mobilesport.ch/filtri/#sp=584;
· https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/ijare/
· https://www.iat.uni-leipzig.de/datenbanken/iks/bms/
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a practical and theoretical (final interview) part.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
1. Practical part: students will demonstrate they have acquired adequate skill in executing the four swimming styles and techniques (starts, turns). The practical part is not graded but is required for registration for the final interview.
2. Theoretical part: final interview in which students will demonstrate:
a) Knowledge of the scientific, technical, and methodological topics covered in the course
b) Ability to create a progressive series of lessons for teaching movement in water and sports swimming and the related strategies in planning and conduct
c) Ability to know how to clearly show/describe the technical points for each swimming style and know how to explain in clear and appropriate language how to swim
To register for the interview, students must first have completed the practical part of the exam.
The evaluation (expressed in the thirtieth) will follow the following criteria:
27-30: demonstration of excellent possession of course contents and complete acquisition of didactic skills;
24-26: good knowledge of course contents and good acquisition of didactic skills;
21-22: content and competencies fairly acquired;
18-20: sufficient content and didactic skills acquisition.
M-EDF/01 - PHYSICAL TRAINING SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
M-EDF/02 - SPORT SCIENCES AND METHODOLOGY
Lessons: 56 hours
Shifts:
Professor(s)
Reception:
previous contact by email
to be defined