Propaedeutics to the Veterinary Clinic
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
The general objective of the Integrated Course of Propaedeutics to the Veterinary Clinic (Propaedeutics to the Veterinary Medical Clinic and Propaedeutics to the Veterinary Surgical Clinic) is to guide the Student to the research and recognition of diseases signs and symptoms. This represents the base of his education for a clinical way of thinking . Furthermore, the Student must be able to apply the knowledge acquired directly on patients by the practical execution of physical semeiology (Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Listening, Measurement) on the animal (Dog, Horse, Cattle).
Expected learning outcomes
1) Knowledge and understanding: the Student must demonstrate that he / she is able to collect the patient's anamnestic data. He/she need to be able to manage the patient, to perform a general and particular examination with semeiotic method to be able to analitically detect dysfunctions and alterations that can be found in different anatomic locations. At the end, the student will have the theoretical and practical knowledge to independently deal with the method of performing the clinical examination.
2) Appling knowledge and understanding: the Student must demonstrate that he / she has the knowledge and concepts useful for correlating the findings of the clinical examination in a critical sense, useful for following a correct diagnostic reasoning. At the end, the student will have the theoretical and practical knowledge to independently face the method of carrying out the clinical visit following a correct diagnostic reasoning
3) Making judgments: the Student must demonstrate his / her ability to examine and critically understand the informations acquired during the lesson, the practical labs, as well as those reported in the recommended texts. At the end, the student will be able to manage the patient independently, using the correct accident prevention rules and adequate containment, approaching the animal, depending on the species, in a manner suitable for mutual safety.
4) Communication: the Student must demonstrate the ability to communicate the information acquired with appropriate terminology during the lectures, practical labs and during the practical exam test. The final practical test performed on the animal will aim to evaluate the acquisition of the theoretical-practical knowledge acquired.
5) Life long learning skills: The course aim to make the student aware of the need to continue his professional post-graduating update by reading papers and attending post-graduate continuing education.
2) Appling knowledge and understanding: the Student must demonstrate that he / she has the knowledge and concepts useful for correlating the findings of the clinical examination in a critical sense, useful for following a correct diagnostic reasoning. At the end, the student will have the theoretical and practical knowledge to independently face the method of carrying out the clinical visit following a correct diagnostic reasoning
3) Making judgments: the Student must demonstrate his / her ability to examine and critically understand the informations acquired during the lesson, the practical labs, as well as those reported in the recommended texts. At the end, the student will be able to manage the patient independently, using the correct accident prevention rules and adequate containment, approaching the animal, depending on the species, in a manner suitable for mutual safety.
4) Communication: the Student must demonstrate the ability to communicate the information acquired with appropriate terminology during the lectures, practical labs and during the practical exam test. The final practical test performed on the animal will aim to evaluate the acquisition of the theoretical-practical knowledge acquired.
5) Life long learning skills: The course aim to make the student aware of the need to continue his professional post-graduating update by reading papers and attending post-graduate continuing education.
Lesson period: year
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Prerequisites for admission
Attendance to lectures is mandatory for at least 75% of the time scheduled. Attendance to practice is mandatory for at least 75% of the time scheduled. Mandatory prerequisites as stated in the Course Manifesto. The scheduled examination tests are 8 and will take place in January, February, March-April, June, July, September, October, and November / December. No special sessions are expected.
To sit the exam, the student must be enrolled through the University's SIFA online service. (N.B.: enrollments close five days before the exam date)
To sit the exam, the student must be enrolled through the University's SIFA online service. (N.B.: enrollments close five days before the exam date)
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a written test and an oral practical test.
The written test takes place in computer rooms where each student will have a computer and their respective exam task. The written test consists of 30 multiple-choice questions (4 possible answers, only one correct; 10 questions on dogs and cats, 10 on equines, 10 on farm animals). The time available for the test is 1 hour (2 minutes per question). To pass the written test, the student must correctly answer at least 6 questions for each of the three categories in 2 out of the 3 categories and no less than 5 in the third category. The student will know the result of the written test at the end of the exam. If the written test is not passed, the entire exam must be repeated. After passing the written test, the student must take the oral practical test, divided by species (dogs and cats, equines, farm animals). The oral practical test will be carried out through questions associated with the use of dummies, iconographic/video documentation of clinical cases, teaching animals, or with animals present at the University Veterinary Hospital. In the oral practical test, the student must demonstrate: knowledge of topographic anatomy, the ability to perform clinical procedures, correct use of medical terminology, and clinical reasoning skills. Failing the practical test, even in just one of the parts (dogs and cats, equines, livestock animals), negatively affects the entire exam.
The final grade is determined by the weighted average of the grades obtained in the evaluation of the two modules.
The final grade is determined by the weighted average of the grades obtained in the evaluation of the two modules.
Score Prop. Vet. Medical Clinic /6*4 + Score Prop. Vet. Surgical Clinic. /6*2
The written test takes place in computer rooms where each student will have a computer and their respective exam task. The written test consists of 30 multiple-choice questions (4 possible answers, only one correct; 10 questions on dogs and cats, 10 on equines, 10 on farm animals). The time available for the test is 1 hour (2 minutes per question). To pass the written test, the student must correctly answer at least 6 questions for each of the three categories in 2 out of the 3 categories and no less than 5 in the third category. The student will know the result of the written test at the end of the exam. If the written test is not passed, the entire exam must be repeated. After passing the written test, the student must take the oral practical test, divided by species (dogs and cats, equines, farm animals). The oral practical test will be carried out through questions associated with the use of dummies, iconographic/video documentation of clinical cases, teaching animals, or with animals present at the University Veterinary Hospital. In the oral practical test, the student must demonstrate: knowledge of topographic anatomy, the ability to perform clinical procedures, correct use of medical terminology, and clinical reasoning skills. Failing the practical test, even in just one of the parts (dogs and cats, equines, livestock animals), negatively affects the entire exam.
The final grade is determined by the weighted average of the grades obtained in the evaluation of the two modules.
The final grade is determined by the weighted average of the grades obtained in the evaluation of the two modules.
Score Prop. Vet. Medical Clinic /6*4 + Score Prop. Vet. Surgical Clinic. /6*2
Propedeutica alla clinica medica veterinaria
Course syllabus
Frontal lesson
Clinical examination of ruminants (4 h)
Clinical examination of the horse (4 h)
Practice farm animal 16 hours
General practice component (4 h).
Restraint techniques for farm animals and organ projection areas performed on patients hospitalized at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic (1 hour).
Signalment, identification, individual, and herd medical history of farm animals performed on patients hospitalized at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic (1 hour).
General clinical examination; distance inspection (signs and attitudes, mental status assessment, body condition, and gait assessment performed on patients hospitalized at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic (1 hour).
Practice component on patients hospitalized at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic (12 h).
Containment, signaling, history, general clinical examination, and close examination performed on patients hospitalized at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic. Drug administration (oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous methods). Procedure for application of an intravenous catheter. Oro-esophageal tubing.
Practice equine 16 hours
Signalment, identification, and general clinical examination (4 h)
5 Cardiovascular and respiratory examination (4 h)
6 Gastrointestinal examination and rectal palpation (4 h)
7 Endoscopy (4 ore)
Program practice dog/cat 1 16 hours
· Focused collection of medical history
· Performing general and specific physical examinations (conducting a physical exams according to the patient's clinical presentation)
· Logical approach to interpreting clinical signs and symptoms across different body systems
· Discussion of Clinical Findings (analysis of clinical findings and discussion of any required complementary or instrumental diagnostic tests)
ESEVT one day competence docs 2019:
1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.15; 1.16; 1.17; 1.20; 1.21; 1.23
Logbook 1.0:
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.9.1, 1.10.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1
Clinical examination of ruminants (4 h)
Clinical examination of the horse (4 h)
Practice farm animal 16 hours
General practice component (4 h).
Restraint techniques for farm animals and organ projection areas performed on patients hospitalized at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic (1 hour).
Signalment, identification, individual, and herd medical history of farm animals performed on patients hospitalized at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic (1 hour).
General clinical examination; distance inspection (signs and attitudes, mental status assessment, body condition, and gait assessment performed on patients hospitalized at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic (1 hour).
Practice component on patients hospitalized at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic (12 h).
Containment, signaling, history, general clinical examination, and close examination performed on patients hospitalized at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic. Drug administration (oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous methods). Procedure for application of an intravenous catheter. Oro-esophageal tubing.
Practice equine 16 hours
Signalment, identification, and general clinical examination (4 h)
5 Cardiovascular and respiratory examination (4 h)
6 Gastrointestinal examination and rectal palpation (4 h)
7 Endoscopy (4 ore)
Program practice dog/cat 1 16 hours
· Focused collection of medical history
· Performing general and specific physical examinations (conducting a physical exams according to the patient's clinical presentation)
· Logical approach to interpreting clinical signs and symptoms across different body systems
· Discussion of Clinical Findings (analysis of clinical findings and discussion of any required complementary or instrumental diagnostic tests)
ESEVT one day competence docs 2019:
1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.15; 1.16; 1.17; 1.20; 1.21; 1.23
Logbook 1.0:
1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.9.1, 1.10.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.1
Teaching methods
In the frontal teaching part, during the lectures, students will receive information regarding the logical approach to the patient (Production Animal, 4 hours / Equines, 4 hours), considering the procedure for the clinical examination. This includes collecting anamnesis data, restraining and identifying the patient; the general physical examination and the specific objective examination of the various body systems, as well as selecting the most appropriate collateral investigations for different situations. The lectures are fully integrated with those of the course on Introduction to Veterinary Surgical Clinic, the topics of which are an integral part of the study of this module.
The lectures take place in a classroom with the aid of slides. Students are encouraged to actively participate in the lesson based on the knowledge acquired in the prerequisite subjects.
In the practical teaching (48 hours/student; 16 hours student respectively in dog and cat, farm animals, equines), students are divided into small groups.
The practical teaching (16 hours) related to dogs and cats are conducted for half of the time in the skill lab (8 hours; divided into 2 sessions of 4 hours each), using preclinical models (mannequins/models/video tutorials) and following the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) model, which is organized into different timed stations. At each station, every student completes a specific task designed to test different areas of competence. All students in the group follow the same sequence of stations, working under the same conditions. The results obtained will be discussed together under the supervision of the instructor at the end of the course. The various activities described can be performed by dividing the students into subgroups, under the supervision of the instructor.
For the remaining part (8 hours; divided into 2 sessions of 4 hours), the practical teaching takes place in the teaching clinics of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The student participates in the clinical visit by taking the anamnesis, performing the clinical examination, and applying individual manual skills on the animal referred for internal medicine issues, under the direct supervision of the tutor. Finally, the student participates in clinical reasoning and discussion regarding the choice of possible diagnostic tests based on the clinical presentation.
The practical teaching (1 CFU/16 hours) related to equines is conducted as follows (with support of clinical cases/teaching animal)
4 hours (Equine Clinic, Building 4): Signaling, collection of history and patient identification; completion of the passport (please bring a red ballpoint pen and a black ballpoint pen).
4 hours (Equine Clinic, Building 4): General physical examination and specific physical examination of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems; completion of the clinical record (please bring a black ballpoint pen and a stethoscope); execution of an electrocardiogram.
4 hours (Skill Lab, 2 hours, and Equine Clinic, Building 4, 2 hours): Specific physical examination of the digestive system and execution of a rectal examination. Blood sample collection from the jugular vein (manikin).
4 hours (Equine Clinic, Building 4): Endoscopic examination in equine patients: general information, instrumentation, and execution of respiratory system endoscopy.
Practices (1 CFU/16 hours) inherent to farm animals will be conducted at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The student will be involved in the clinical examination of hospitalized and spontaneously ill patients tracing, under the guidance of the teacher, the execution of the clinical examination theorized in lectures by performing in first person clinical handling on the actual patient with emphasis on participation in deductive clinical/diagnostic reasoning about the patient, as well as discussion about the choice of any instrumental or second level tests based on the clinical presentation.
The lectures take place in a classroom with the aid of slides. Students are encouraged to actively participate in the lesson based on the knowledge acquired in the prerequisite subjects.
In the practical teaching (48 hours/student; 16 hours student respectively in dog and cat, farm animals, equines), students are divided into small groups.
The practical teaching (16 hours) related to dogs and cats are conducted for half of the time in the skill lab (8 hours; divided into 2 sessions of 4 hours each), using preclinical models (mannequins/models/video tutorials) and following the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) model, which is organized into different timed stations. At each station, every student completes a specific task designed to test different areas of competence. All students in the group follow the same sequence of stations, working under the same conditions. The results obtained will be discussed together under the supervision of the instructor at the end of the course. The various activities described can be performed by dividing the students into subgroups, under the supervision of the instructor.
For the remaining part (8 hours; divided into 2 sessions of 4 hours), the practical teaching takes place in the teaching clinics of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The student participates in the clinical visit by taking the anamnesis, performing the clinical examination, and applying individual manual skills on the animal referred for internal medicine issues, under the direct supervision of the tutor. Finally, the student participates in clinical reasoning and discussion regarding the choice of possible diagnostic tests based on the clinical presentation.
The practical teaching (1 CFU/16 hours) related to equines is conducted as follows (with support of clinical cases/teaching animal)
4 hours (Equine Clinic, Building 4): Signaling, collection of history and patient identification; completion of the passport (please bring a red ballpoint pen and a black ballpoint pen).
4 hours (Equine Clinic, Building 4): General physical examination and specific physical examination of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems; completion of the clinical record (please bring a black ballpoint pen and a stethoscope); execution of an electrocardiogram.
4 hours (Skill Lab, 2 hours, and Equine Clinic, Building 4, 2 hours): Specific physical examination of the digestive system and execution of a rectal examination. Blood sample collection from the jugular vein (manikin).
4 hours (Equine Clinic, Building 4): Endoscopic examination in equine patients: general information, instrumentation, and execution of respiratory system endoscopy.
Practices (1 CFU/16 hours) inherent to farm animals will be conducted at the Ruminant and Swine Clinic of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The student will be involved in the clinical examination of hospitalized and spontaneously ill patients tracing, under the guidance of the teacher, the execution of the clinical examination theorized in lectures by performing in first person clinical handling on the actual patient with emphasis on participation in deductive clinical/diagnostic reasoning about the patient, as well as discussion about the choice of any instrumental or second level tests based on the clinical presentation.
Teaching Resources
Farm Animals:
Semeiologia Clinica Veterinaria - Poletto Editore, 2023
Horse:
Speirs, Clinical Examination of Horses, Saunders, Philadelphia (Testo)
Equine Veterinary Education (periodico)
Semeiologia Clinica Veterinaria - Poletto Editore, 2023
Dog and Cat:
Semeiologia Clinica Veterinaria - Poletto Editore, 2023
Performing the small animal physical examination, author: RE Englar, 2017, Wiley
Semeiologia Clinica Veterinaria - Poletto Editore, 2023
Horse:
Speirs, Clinical Examination of Horses, Saunders, Philadelphia (Testo)
Equine Veterinary Education (periodico)
Semeiologia Clinica Veterinaria - Poletto Editore, 2023
Dog and Cat:
Semeiologia Clinica Veterinaria - Poletto Editore, 2023
Performing the small animal physical examination, author: RE Englar, 2017, Wiley
Propedeutica alla clinica chirurgica veterinaria
Course syllabus
Frontal teaching Specific contents
Introduction to the clinical examination: signalment, history collection, and general physical examination (2 hours) Reasoned approach to pathologies of the digestive system (0.5 hour) Reasoned approach to pathologies of the cardiovascular system (0.5 hour)
Reasoned approach to pathologies of the respiratory system (0.5 hour) Reasoned approach to pathologies of the integumentary system and swellings (1 hour) Reasoned approach to pathologies of the urinary system (0.5 hour) Reasoned approach to lameness of small animals (1 hour) Reasoned approach to the semiotics of the nervous system of small animals (1 hour) Ophthalmological semiotics (1 hour)
Total hours 8
Topic Specific Content Hours
1 History collection 2
2 Performing a general physical examination 3
3 Performing a specific physical examination (depending on the clinical presentation of the case) 3
4 Discussion and selection of any additional tests 2
5 Completing the discharge form and issuing certification of what was performed and found during the clinical examination 2
6 Lameness examination in equine species 4
Total hours: 16 hours
ESEVT one day competence docs 2019
1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.15; 1.16; 1.17; 1.20; 1.21; 1.23
Logbook 1.0
1.1 - 1.2 - 1.3 - 1.4 - 1.9.1 - 2.1 - 4.1
Introduction to the clinical examination: signalment, history collection, and general physical examination (2 hours) Reasoned approach to pathologies of the digestive system (0.5 hour) Reasoned approach to pathologies of the cardiovascular system (0.5 hour)
Reasoned approach to pathologies of the respiratory system (0.5 hour) Reasoned approach to pathologies of the integumentary system and swellings (1 hour) Reasoned approach to pathologies of the urinary system (0.5 hour) Reasoned approach to lameness of small animals (1 hour) Reasoned approach to the semiotics of the nervous system of small animals (1 hour) Ophthalmological semiotics (1 hour)
Total hours 8
Topic Specific Content Hours
1 History collection 2
2 Performing a general physical examination 3
3 Performing a specific physical examination (depending on the clinical presentation of the case) 3
4 Discussion and selection of any additional tests 2
5 Completing the discharge form and issuing certification of what was performed and found during the clinical examination 2
6 Lameness examination in equine species 4
Total hours: 16 hours
ESEVT one day competence docs 2019
1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.15; 1.16; 1.17; 1.20; 1.21; 1.23
Logbook 1.0
1.1 - 1.2 - 1.3 - 1.4 - 1.9.1 - 2.1 - 4.1
Teaching methods
In the frontal teaching part (1 CFU - 8 hours) the student will receive information regarding the logical approach to the patient considering the clinical presentation and the anatomical location of the site of the lesion starting from the clinical sign. The lessons are fully integrated with those of the Propaedeutics course to the Veterinary Medical Clinic whose topics are an integral part of the study of this module. The lectures are held in the classroom with the help of slides. Students are invited to actively participate in the lesson based on the knowledge acquired in the preparatory subjects. In practical teaching (1 CFU - 16 hours / student) students are divided into small groups and learn directly, through the management of clinical cases, the construction of oriented approach history and the semeiological logic of the procedures. The exercises are held in the teaching clinics of the Veterinary teaching hospital through the management of clinical examination in small animal referred to the VTH dog with particular interest in the collection of history and in the detection of parameters of the general and specialist examination.
Teaching Resources
Performing the small animal physical examination, author: RE Englar, 2017, Wiley. P. Ciaramella - SEMEIOLOGIA CLINICA VETERINARIA - Poletto editore, 2014. KM Tobias and SA Johnston - Veterinary surgery: small animal - Ed. By Saunders, 2017. TW Fossum - Chirurgia dei piccoli animali - Ed. By Edra - 2021; - Adams and Stashak's Lameness in Horses, 7th ed.
Propedeutica alla clinica chirurgica veterinaria
VET/09 - VETERINARY CLINICAL SURGERY - University credits: 2
Practicals: 16 hours
Lessons: 8 hours
Lessons: 8 hours
Shifts:
1-18 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Romussi Stefano Felice Maria2--18 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Ferrari Roberta3-18 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
De Zani Donatella4-18 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Auletta LuigiTurno
Professor:
Ferrari Roberta
Propedeutica alla clinica medica veterinaria
VET/08 - VETERINARY CLINICAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Practicals: 48 hours
Lessons: 8 hours
Lessons: 8 hours
Professors:
Boccardo Antonio, Brambilla Paola Giuseppina Maria, Ferrucci Francesco, Locatelli Chiara, Pravettoni Davide, Scarpa Paola, Zucca Enrica
Shifts:
1 - 4 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Locatelli Chiara10-6 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 8 ORE
Professor:
Boccardo Antonio11-9 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 8 ORE
Professor:
Ferrucci Francesco12- 9 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 8 ORE
Professor:
Zucca Enrica13-2 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 8 ORE
Professor:
Pravettoni Davide15 - 2 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 8 ORE
Professor:
Boccardo Antonio2-9 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Locatelli Chiara3-5 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Scarpa Paola4-9 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Scarpa Paola5-5 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Brambilla Paola Giuseppina Maria6-9 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Brambilla Paola Giuseppina Maria7-4 TURNI PR GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Locatelli Chiara8-9 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Locatelli Chiara9- 6 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 8 ORE
Professor:
Pravettoni DavideEducational website(s)
Professor(s)
Reception:
to be arranged by phone or e-mail
Lodi Campus. Office n. T024
Reception:
Wednesday, 11.00-13.00 a.m., by appointment
Clinica dei Ruminanti e del Suino - Via dell'Università, 6 26900 LODI