Organic Chemistry Ii

During theoretical classes, the concepts of aromaticity and antiaromaticity, and the fundamental structural characteristics of aromatic carbocyclic systems (benzene and derivatives) on which is based their reactivity are illustrated. Then, the main classes of reactions such as electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution, are presented, showing in details the mechanism and scope. The main classes of aromatic compounds are described. In particular, characteristics, reactivity and synthesis of arenes and alkylarenes, naphthalene, aryl and arylaliphatic arenes, nitrogen derivatives (nitro-, nitroso-, and azocompounds, arylhydroxylamines, mono- and diarylhydrazines, aromatic amines, diazonium salts), phenols and derivatives, aldehydes and ketones, nitriles, carboxylic acids and derivatives, sulfur compounds, quinones. Also the most important classes of heteroaromatic compounds are described, with their structural characteristics, reactivity and synthesis. In particular, pyrrole, furan, thiophene and their benzocondensed indole, benzofuran and benzothiophene are presented, some six-member atoms heterocyclic compounds such as pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline are described. Finally, some selected information about five-member heterocycles containing two heteroatoms such as imidazole, pyrazole and isooxazole is given. Most commonly used coupling reactions (Heck, Stille, etc) will be treated, as well as the retrosynthetic approach in organic synthesis.