Postgraduate School of Pediatric Surgery (2S5)

Integrated training objectives (i.e. common core)
The trainee must have acquired satisfactory theoretical knowledge and professional competence in the clinical and instrumental diagnosis and treatment, even in emergency-urgent conditions, of the most common surgical pathologies. The trainee must acquire the fundamental knowledge of physiopathology of the various organs and systems, the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary for the recognition of diseases that affect the various systems of the organism, the theoretical and practical knowledge of the main sectors of instrumental and laboratory diagnostics relating to the aforementioned diseases, the acquisition of the ability to evaluate the internal and specialist connections and influences. He must therefore be able to recognize the symptoms and clinical-functional signs with which the diseases of various organs and systems manifest themselves, having acquired the fundamental diagnostic, therapeutic, psychological and ethical knowledge necessary for a global vision of the patient. To this end, he must develop the ability to clinically frame the patient on the basis of the anamnesis and objective examination; develop critical and analytical diagnostic skills; become familiar with the main diagnostic procedures and laboratory-instrumental investigations; recognize and be able to deal with the main medical emergencies; become familiar with the therapeutic resources to plan their optimal use and recognize their indications and contraindications, as well as the effects of interaction and possible iatrogenic incidents; acquire the fundamental notions relating to clinical research methodologies and pharmacological trials; know the fundamental issues relating to prevention, public health and social medicine. The trainee must have acquired satisfactory theoretical knowledge and professional competence in the recognition and treatment, in emergency-urgency conditions, of the most common pathologies. Finally, the trainee must also know, from a clinical and therapeutic perspective, the most common pathologies within the competence of the other typologies of the class.

Basic objectives
The trainee must learn the fundamental knowledge in the field of organogenesis, topographic anatomy, pathological anatomy, histology, relevant for clinical and surgical medicine. He must acquire the fundamental knowledge of physiology and biochemistry to understand the physiological response to the most frequent surgical diseases. Must learn the actions, interactions, complications, indications and contraindications of the most commonly used drugs in surgical diseases. Must acquire fundamental knowledge of immunology, general genetics, microbiology and medical statistics.

Educational objectives of the School typology
- theoretical knowledge in the diagnosis of pathologies of surgical interest at different ages of life (including prenatal age);
- theoretical knowledge and practice in pre- and post-operative treatment, knowledge of the principles of surgical medicine (including transplant surgery and thoraco-parascopic surgery) in the most frequent congenital and acquired surgical conditions, including traumatic visceral and oncological lesions, at different ages of life;
- theoretical knowledge for the anesthesiological approach and intensive care in pediatric age.

They are similar or complementary objectives: the trainee proceeds in learning the theoretical knowledge for the diagnosis and medical therapy of the main pediatric conditions, in the field of general and specialized pediatrics (cardiology, endocrinology, hematology, oncology, neonatology). He must know the principles of medical statistics and acquire notions of Forensic Medicine useful for carrying out his profession.

Mandatory professionalizing activities
These are mandatory professionalizing activities to achieve the objectives of the typology:
- at least 50 major surgery procedures, of which 10% as first operator. The rest as second operator;
- at least 100 medium surgery procedures, of which 25% as first operator. The rest as second operator;
- at least 250 minor surgery procedures, of which 40% as first operator (including laparoscopic surgery procedures as well as outpatient and D.H. procedures). The rest as second operator.

The trainee must have provided direct assistance for at least two semesters in total in general surgery, emergency surgery, first aid and trauma, in anesthesia and resuscitation and in the specialist surgeries provided for by the regulations according to the methods defined by the School Council.

The trainee may compete for the diploma after completing the professionalizing activities.

The trainee, as part of the training path, will have to learn the scientific bases of the School typology in order to reach a full maturity and professional competence that includes an adequate capacity of interpretation of scientific innovations and a critical knowledge that allows him to consciously manage both the assistance and his own updating; in this context, participation in meetings, conferences and the production of scientific publications and periods of attendance in qualified Italian and foreign institutions useful for his training may be foreseen.