Survey Methods for Public Opinion Research

A.Y. 2025/2026
9
Max ECTS
60
Overall hours
SSD
SPS/11
Language
English
Learning objectives
The course is structured around three key pillars: Survey Methodology, Measurement in the Social Sciences, and Public Opinion Research. Its primary objective is to familiarize students with surveys—one of the most essential tools for data collection—and to apply this tool to the study of public opinion, attitudes, and values.
The backbone of the course is the concept of measurement in the social sciences, which is often overlooked. This course brings it to the forefront, equipping students with a set of transferable concepts that can be applied across various empirical courses throughout their academic studies.
In addition, the course aims to position survey research at the cutting edge of the 21st century by broadening its scope (e.g., through online probability panels) and incorporating emerging technologies, such as AI and adaptive survey design, into traditional methodologies.
Finally, the course emphasizes the growing importance of survey research infrastructures in the social sciences, particularly large international comparative projects such as the European Social Survey, the European/World Values Study, and the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP).
Expected learning outcomes
By the end of the course, students will have acquired the essential skills and knowledge to navigate the field of survey research with confidence, whether as academic or professional researchers.
Students will gain a theoretical understanding of the entire data production process, from defining a research question to constructing a dataset. Key stages covered include sampling, questionnaire design, interviewing, and data management. Special emphasis will be placed on data documentation and archiving, which are critical for adhering to the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable).
These skills will be applied specifically to public opinion research, where students will engage with core theories of social and political attitudes. Particular attention will be devoted to electoral research as a central domain for applying these concepts.
By the end of the course, students will be prepared to function as competent and insightful survey researchers, taking on leadership roles in both academic research projects and professional teams in the private sector. They will also become familiar with the main sources of high-quality survey data to support research based on secondary analysis.
The aim is to train professionals capable of managing the entire process of data production and analysis, including coordinating relations with research agencies and data collection providers.
Single course

This course can be attended as a single course.

Course syllabus and organization

Single session

Responsible
Lesson period
Third trimester
Course syllabus
1. Survey Methods
· What surveys are and what they are used for
· The Total Survey Error framework and sources of bias in survey research
· The data production process: from questionnaire design to data release
· Sampling, interviewing, data management
· Documentation, archiving
· Weighting, and inference)

2. Measurement in the Social Sciences
· Conceptualizing measurement: competing perspectives
· The latent variable approach and its implications
· Alternative approaches, including classical test theory
· The foundational concept of validity

3. Survey Research Infrastructures (SRI)
· The "telescopes" of the social sciences: their role and organization
· Major survey research infrastructures: ESS, EVS/WVS, ISSP
· National survey research infrastructures, including online probability panels

4. Working with Survey Data I: Measurement of Social and Political Attitudes
· Factor analysis: exploring data structure
· Latent variable models (Structural Equation Modeling)
· Validity and reliability in practice
· Attitude networks as an alternative conceptual framework

5. Working with Survey Data II: The Study of Public Opinion
· Key issues in public opinion research
· Political behavior and attitudes: polls and survey research
· Core instruments for measuring political behavior and attitudes
Prerequisites for admission
A solid understanding of multivariate statistics and basic probability is essential for successful engagement with the course. Students should also have a foundational knowledge of key social and political concepts, along with a good grasp of the logic underlying social phenomena.
Familiarity with statistical software is required; however, the course will not emphasize any specific platform.
Teaching methods
The course will rely on a limited number of traditional lectures, combined with more interactive activities involving the whole class and structured teamwork.
Students are expected to participate actively in class and contribute to discussions of the course material. Since the achievement of the course goals is closely linked to active engagement in learning activities, attendance is strongly encouraged.
Throughout the course, students will be expected to demonstrate effective communication of scientific results, both orally and in writing.
Teaching Resources
Given the integrative nature of the course, there is no single textbook that covers all the topics addressed in class. Most of the readings will be provided during the course. However, the following books serve as valuable foundational references.

On measurement:
Borsboom, D. (2005) Measuring the mind. Conceptual issues in contemporary Psychometrics. Cambridge University press.

On survey methodology:
Edith D. de Leeuw, Joop Hox, Don Dillman (ed.) (2008) International Handbook of Survey Methodology. Routledge

On public opinion:
Saris, W. and Snidermann P. (2004) Studies in Public Opinion: Attitudes, Nonattitudes, Measurement Error, and Change. Princeton Univ Press
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final evaluation is based on several aspects:
a) Active participation in the course and its activities.
b) Group presentations developed through teamwork on a relevant topic, for example integrating new technologies into survey research (e.g., the use of automated coding for open-ended questions) or designing a survey from scratch and collecting data.
c) Individual reports presenting an empirical analysis on a topic in the field of public opinion research, using survey data.
d) Oral discussions based on reports, also addressing conceptual and theoretical aspects covered during the course.
SPS/11 - POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY - University credits: 9
Lessons: 60 hours
Professor: Vezzoni Cristiano
Professor(s)
Reception:
Please, send an e-mail to fix an appointment.
Room 4, First floor, Via Conservatorio or MS Teams Platform