Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Regional Anatomy and Radiological Physics
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
The course aims to provide students theoretical and practical knowledge concerning normal anatomy and pathological changes of body regions and animal cavities of veterinary interest, through I, II and III level diagnostic imaging technique. In addition, the course has the purpose to provide notions about the theoretical physics principles of ultrasound and ionizing radiation in the biomedical sector and basic principles of radiation safety.
Expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding skills: the students have to demonstrate knowledges concerning the superficial and deep regional organization of organs and apparatus, considering position, correlation, and species differences in physiological condition (topographic anatomy, ultrasound, endoscopy and radiology) and in pathological conditions (ultrasound, endoscopy, and radiology). The students must be able to discriminate the main ultrasonographic and radiological changes of the musculoskeletal, digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems of pets and non-conventional, exotics, and wildlife animals.
Concerning the equine species, the students have also to demonstrate knowledges about endoscopic techniques applied to the diagnosis of respiratory tract disease, including dynamic upper airway obstructions, and urinary tract obstructions, as well as the level I and the level II diagnostic knowledge in orthopedics' field.
Concerning farm animals, the student's ability to recognize and interpret the main radiographic alterations in the course of skeletal, thoracic, and abdominal pathology.
2. Knowledge and understanding applied: The student must demonstrate that he or she can apply the knowledge acquired during the frontal lessons directly to animals and/or bodies or isolated organs. Starting from these bases they will have to be able to identify the normality and the main alterations of ultrasound, endoscopic, and radiographic pictures obtained directly on the patient or from digital images in the archive, referring to clinical cases of particular interest and, at the same time, to formulate a differential diagnostic procedure. The student must also demonstrate that he or she can put into practice what he or she has learned in the physics module, about the technical aspects of individual diagnostics and the development of image acquisition protocols.
3. Autonomy of judgment: the student will have to demonstrate the ability to examine and discuss critically all the information, both during the frontal lessons and derived from the recommended texts, and to identify the most appropriate technique to solve a given diagnostic question in the safe condition for the operator.
4. Communication skills: The student must demonstrate the ability to communicate the skills acquired with appropriate and updated terminology, in line with that one used in other disciplines, both during lessons and practical lessons.
Concerning the equine species, the students have also to demonstrate knowledges about endoscopic techniques applied to the diagnosis of respiratory tract disease, including dynamic upper airway obstructions, and urinary tract obstructions, as well as the level I and the level II diagnostic knowledge in orthopedics' field.
Concerning farm animals, the student's ability to recognize and interpret the main radiographic alterations in the course of skeletal, thoracic, and abdominal pathology.
2. Knowledge and understanding applied: The student must demonstrate that he or she can apply the knowledge acquired during the frontal lessons directly to animals and/or bodies or isolated organs. Starting from these bases they will have to be able to identify the normality and the main alterations of ultrasound, endoscopic, and radiographic pictures obtained directly on the patient or from digital images in the archive, referring to clinical cases of particular interest and, at the same time, to formulate a differential diagnostic procedure. The student must also demonstrate that he or she can put into practice what he or she has learned in the physics module, about the technical aspects of individual diagnostics and the development of image acquisition protocols.
3. Autonomy of judgment: the student will have to demonstrate the ability to examine and discuss critically all the information, both during the frontal lessons and derived from the recommended texts, and to identify the most appropriate technique to solve a given diagnostic question in the safe condition for the operator.
4. Communication skills: The student must demonstrate the ability to communicate the skills acquired with appropriate and updated terminology, in line with that one used in other disciplines, both during lessons and practical lessons.
Lesson period: year
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
year
Prerequisites for admission
Attendance to lessons and exercises is mandatory for at least 75% of the total.
Mandatory propaedeutic: to take the exam, the students must have passed the Pathological Anatomy II exam.
Mandatory propaedeutic: to take the exam, the students must have passed the Pathological Anatomy II exam.
Assessment methods and Criteria
Assessment methods and criteria.
The examination test for the modules in which the course is divided consists of a written test consisting of a test with multiple-choice questions, four of which are exact, concerning the subjects proposed in the modules of Veterinary Radiological Physics (8 questions), Ultrasonography (8 questions and 4 ultrasonographic images) Veterinary radiology and nuclear medicine of pets and non-conventional animals (9 questions and 4 radiographs), Veterinary radiology and nuclear medicine of horses and farm animals (9 questions and 4 radiographs), Topographical anatomy (14 questions and 4 anatomical figures) for a total of 64 questions.
The evaluation of the tests will give different values to each answer, as follow:
- Radiological Physics: 4 points for each correct answer;
- Topographical Anatomy: 2 points for each correct answer and a maximum of 1 point for each correct anatomical figure;
- Veterinary radiology and nuclear medicine of pets and non-conventional animals: 3 points for each correct answer and a maximum of 1.25 points for each radiographs;
- Veterinary radiology and nuclear medicine of horses and farm animals: 3 points for each correct answer and a maximum of 1.25 points for each radiographs;
- Ultrasonography: 3 points for each correct answer and a maximum of 2 points for each ultrasonographic image.
The examination is considered positively evaluated only when the student obtains a minimum score of 18 in the Radiological Physics, Topographical Anatomy, Veterinary Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of Small Animals and Unconventional Animals, Veterinary Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of the Horse and Livestock and Ultrasonography.
There are 8 examination calls in number and they take place in January, February, April, June, July, September, October, and November/December.
The in itinere test for Radiological Physics and Topographic Anatomy modules is scheduled for January and will be valid for one academic year. The in itinere test for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of Small Animals and Unconventional Animals, Veterinary Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of the Horse and Livestock and Ultrasonography is scheduled for June and will be valid until the examination of November/December.
Written tests duration:
- Radiological Physics and Topographical Anatomy modules: 60 minutes total
- Radiology and Ultrasonography modules: 90 minutes total
- Comprehensive examination (all five modules): 150 minutes total
The examination test for the modules in which the course is divided consists of a written test consisting of a test with multiple-choice questions, four of which are exact, concerning the subjects proposed in the modules of Veterinary Radiological Physics (8 questions), Ultrasonography (8 questions and 4 ultrasonographic images) Veterinary radiology and nuclear medicine of pets and non-conventional animals (9 questions and 4 radiographs), Veterinary radiology and nuclear medicine of horses and farm animals (9 questions and 4 radiographs), Topographical anatomy (14 questions and 4 anatomical figures) for a total of 64 questions.
The evaluation of the tests will give different values to each answer, as follow:
- Radiological Physics: 4 points for each correct answer;
- Topographical Anatomy: 2 points for each correct answer and a maximum of 1 point for each correct anatomical figure;
- Veterinary radiology and nuclear medicine of pets and non-conventional animals: 3 points for each correct answer and a maximum of 1.25 points for each radiographs;
- Veterinary radiology and nuclear medicine of horses and farm animals: 3 points for each correct answer and a maximum of 1.25 points for each radiographs;
- Ultrasonography: 3 points for each correct answer and a maximum of 2 points for each ultrasonographic image.
The examination is considered positively evaluated only when the student obtains a minimum score of 18 in the Radiological Physics, Topographical Anatomy, Veterinary Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of Small Animals and Unconventional Animals, Veterinary Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of the Horse and Livestock and Ultrasonography.
There are 8 examination calls in number and they take place in January, February, April, June, July, September, October, and November/December.
The in itinere test for Radiological Physics and Topographic Anatomy modules is scheduled for January and will be valid for one academic year. The in itinere test for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of Small Animals and Unconventional Animals, Veterinary Radiology and Nuclear Medicine of the Horse and Livestock and Ultrasonography is scheduled for June and will be valid until the examination of November/December.
Written tests duration:
- Radiological Physics and Topographical Anatomy modules: 60 minutes total
- Radiology and Ultrasonography modules: 90 minutes total
- Comprehensive examination (all five modules): 150 minutes total
Radiological physics
Course syllabus
The module consists of 1 CFU - 8 hours - frontal teaching. The module aims to provide the student with a basic preparation on understanding the fundamental principles of Radiological Physics, for a better understanding of some important technologies available to the veterinarian: radiology, ultrasound, x-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine.
1. Atomic model and ionizing radiation (radiology, CT and NM). 4 hours
2. The magnetic field and magnetic resonance. 2 hours
3. Wave phenomena and ultrasonography. 2 hours
1. Atomic model and ionizing radiation (radiology, CT and NM). 4 hours
2. The magnetic field and magnetic resonance. 2 hours
3. Wave phenomena and ultrasonography. 2 hours
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons are carried out in the classroom with the support of slides. Students are invited to take up the topics covered in the physics course and to actively participate to the class on the basis of the knowledges previously acquired. During the face-to-face classes the topics contained in the module program will be illustrated and commented on. Emphasis will be placed on the fundamental physic principles in biomedical field.
Teaching Resources
1. Ariel: course slide
2. Thrall: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, 7° ed., 986 pagg., 1200 ill., Elsevier, febbraio 2018
Day one competences
-1.1 -1.11
-1.5 -1.13
-1.8 -2.1
2. Thrall: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, 7° ed., 986 pagg., 1200 ill., Elsevier, febbraio 2018
Day one competences
-1.1 -1.11
-1.5 -1.13
-1.8 -2.1
Ultrasonography
Course syllabus
The module provides basic notions for performing an ultrasound examination and knowledge relating to the normal and pathological aspects of the organs and systems relating to the dog, cat and horse.
Practical lessons (dog and cat)
1. Basics of ultrasound, artifact and basic of Doppler ultrasonography (seminar). 2,5 Hours
2. Liver and spleen: scanning techniques, ultrasonographic anatomy and
ultrasonographic features of disease (interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 3 Hours
3. Gastrointestinal tract and pancreas: scanning techniques, ultrasonographic
anatomy and ultrasonographic features of disease
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
4. Urogenital system and adrenal glands: scanning techniques,
ultrasonographic anatomy and ultrasonographic features of disease
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
5. Ultrasonographic examination of the chest: scanning techniques,
ultrasonographic anatomy and ultrasonographic features of disease
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 1,5 Hours
6. FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma-Triage-Tracking)
of the thorax and abdomen.
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos a practical labs). 3 Hours
7. Ultrasound guided biopsy. (interactive discussion and practical labs). 1 Hour
8. Filling of the ultrasound record and image acquisition
(interactive discussion and practical labs). 1 Hour
Practical lessons (equine)
1. How to choose the correct settings and the ultrasound probe in different applications. 1 Hour
2. Ultrasonography of lung and mediastinum. Identification of normal findings
and main alterations (interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
3. Ultrasonography of spleen and liver. Ultrasonography of stomach, small
and large intestine. Ultrasonography of kidneys. Ultrasonography of peritoneal fluid.
Identification of normal findings and of alterations (interactive discussion of
acquired images/videos) Flash technique. 3 Hours
4. Principles of cardiac ultrasonography. Use of the Color flow Doppler technique.
Identification of normal structures and functionality and evaluation of the main
parameters indicative of alteration. 2 Hours
5. Ultrasonography of teno-ligaments of the metacarpal/metatarsal phalangeal region
Identification of normal findings and main alterations
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
6. Ultrasonography of the neck (jugular veins, carotid arteritis, esophagus, trachea),
recognition of their normal appearance and evaluation of blood flow alterations
by Doppler ultrasound (interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
7. Ultrasonography of the eye. Identification of normal structures and main alterations
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
8. Filling of the ultrasound record (image acquisition and correct use of
label orientation and measurement). 2 Hours
Practical lessons (dog and cat)
1. Basics of ultrasound, artifact and basic of Doppler ultrasonography (seminar). 2,5 Hours
2. Liver and spleen: scanning techniques, ultrasonographic anatomy and
ultrasonographic features of disease (interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 3 Hours
3. Gastrointestinal tract and pancreas: scanning techniques, ultrasonographic
anatomy and ultrasonographic features of disease
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
4. Urogenital system and adrenal glands: scanning techniques,
ultrasonographic anatomy and ultrasonographic features of disease
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
5. Ultrasonographic examination of the chest: scanning techniques,
ultrasonographic anatomy and ultrasonographic features of disease
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 1,5 Hours
6. FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma-Triage-Tracking)
of the thorax and abdomen.
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos a practical labs). 3 Hours
7. Ultrasound guided biopsy. (interactive discussion and practical labs). 1 Hour
8. Filling of the ultrasound record and image acquisition
(interactive discussion and practical labs). 1 Hour
Practical lessons (equine)
1. How to choose the correct settings and the ultrasound probe in different applications. 1 Hour
2. Ultrasonography of lung and mediastinum. Identification of normal findings
and main alterations (interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
3. Ultrasonography of spleen and liver. Ultrasonography of stomach, small
and large intestine. Ultrasonography of kidneys. Ultrasonography of peritoneal fluid.
Identification of normal findings and of alterations (interactive discussion of
acquired images/videos) Flash technique. 3 Hours
4. Principles of cardiac ultrasonography. Use of the Color flow Doppler technique.
Identification of normal structures and functionality and evaluation of the main
parameters indicative of alteration. 2 Hours
5. Ultrasonography of teno-ligaments of the metacarpal/metatarsal phalangeal region
Identification of normal findings and main alterations
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
6. Ultrasonography of the neck (jugular veins, carotid arteritis, esophagus, trachea),
recognition of their normal appearance and evaluation of blood flow alterations
by Doppler ultrasound (interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
7. Ultrasonography of the eye. Identification of normal structures and main alterations
(interactive discussion of acquired images/videos). 2 Hours
8. Filling of the ultrasound record (image acquisition and correct use of
label orientation and measurement). 2 Hours
Teaching methods
The module consists of 2 CFU - 32 hours - training. The module aims to provide the student with a basic preparation on understanding the basic principles of ultrasound, ultrasound artifacts and applications of ultrasound diagnostics through seminar activities, discussion of clinical cases and practical activities to be carried out in the University Teaching Hospital.
Seminar activities and discussions of clinical cases will take place in the classroom through the projection of images and video frontal lessons are held in the classroom with the help of slides. Students are invited to resume the topics covered in the physics course and to actively participate in the lesson based on the knowledge previously acquired.
Practical activities will take place at the University Veterinary Hospital facilities on clinical cases, in small groups.
Seminar activities and discussions of clinical cases will take place in the classroom through the projection of images and video frontal lessons are held in the classroom with the help of slides. Students are invited to resume the topics covered in the physics course and to actively participate in the lesson based on the knowledge previously acquired.
Practical activities will take place at the University Veterinary Hospital facilities on clinical cases, in small groups.
Teaching Resources
1. Esame di base dell'addome nel cane e nel gatto (Quaderno 2). Faverzani, Lodi, Barella. Poletto ed., Milano, 2019
2. Ecografia del cane in emergenza. (Quaderno 3). Faverzani, Lodi, Barella. Poletto ed., Milano, 2020
3. Equine diagnostic ultrasound. Ed. Virginia B. Reef. W.B. Saunders Company, 1998
4. http://sfaverzanidi.ariel.ctu.unimi.it/v3/home/Default.aspx
Day one competences
-1.1 -1.20
-1.5 -1.21
-1.6 -1.22
-1.8 -1.23
-1.11 -1.32
-1.12 -2.1
-1.13 -2.5
-1.14 -2.11
-1.16 -2.12
-1.18 -2.5
2. Ecografia del cane in emergenza. (Quaderno 3). Faverzani, Lodi, Barella. Poletto ed., Milano, 2020
3. Equine diagnostic ultrasound. Ed. Virginia B. Reef. W.B. Saunders Company, 1998
4. http://sfaverzanidi.ariel.ctu.unimi.it/v3/home/Default.aspx
Day one competences
-1.1 -1.20
-1.5 -1.21
-1.6 -1.22
-1.8 -1.23
-1.11 -1.32
-1.12 -2.1
-1.13 -2.5
-1.14 -2.11
-1.16 -2.12
-1.18 -2.5
Small animal radiology and nuclear medicine
Course syllabus
The module consists of 2 CFU - 16 hours - frontal teaching. The course introduces the general concepts of radiological diagnostics and uses descriptive and comparative criteria in the study of individual districts and/or apparatuses.
1. Course introduction 1 hour
2. Companion animal thorax radiology 4 hours
3. Companion animal abdomen radiology 3 hours
4. Companion animal appendicular skeleton radiology 3 hours
5. Companion animal axial skeleton radiology 3 hours
6. Non-conventional animals' radiology 2 hours
1. Course introduction 1 hour
2. Companion animal thorax radiology 4 hours
3. Companion animal abdomen radiology 3 hours
4. Companion animal appendicular skeleton radiology 3 hours
5. Companion animal axial skeleton radiology 3 hours
6. Non-conventional animals' radiology 2 hours
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons are carried out in the classroom with the support of slides. Students are invited to actively participate in the lesson based on the knowledge acquired in the preparatory subjects. Seminar-type lessons are provided where students, divided into 5-6 per group, examine clinical radiological cases in digital format, under the supervision of the teacher, and illustrate them to those present by providing a description of the apparatus or district under examination in normal and/or pathological conditions and formulating a differential diagnostic procedure. It will be possible to consult reference texts.
Teaching Resources
1. Thrall: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology, 7° ed., 986 pagg., 1200 ill., Elsevier, febbraio 2018
2. Dennis R., Kirberger R.M., Barr F., Wrigley R.H.: Handbook of small animal radiology and ultrasound. Techniques and Differential Diagnoses. Elsevier II Ed., 2010 (limitatamente alla parte di Radiologia).
3. Krautwald-Junghanns M.E., Pees M., Reese S.M., Tully T.: Diagnostic Imaging of Exotic Pets: Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles. Schlütersche, 2011.
Day one competences
-1.1 -1.20
-1.5 -1.21
-1.6 -1.22
-1.8 -1.23
-1.11 -1.32
-1.12 -2.1
-1.13 -2.5
-1.14 -2.11
-1.16 -2.12
-1.18
2. Dennis R., Kirberger R.M., Barr F., Wrigley R.H.: Handbook of small animal radiology and ultrasound. Techniques and Differential Diagnoses. Elsevier II Ed., 2010 (limitatamente alla parte di Radiologia).
3. Krautwald-Junghanns M.E., Pees M., Reese S.M., Tully T.: Diagnostic Imaging of Exotic Pets: Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles. Schlütersche, 2011.
Day one competences
-1.1 -1.20
-1.5 -1.21
-1.6 -1.22
-1.8 -1.23
-1.11 -1.32
-1.12 -2.1
-1.13 -2.5
-1.14 -2.11
-1.16 -2.12
-1.18
Large animal radiology and nuclear medicine
Course syllabus
Frontal lessons (16 hours)
1. Diagnostic Imaging techniques in horses and farm animals. 0,5 hour
2. Multimodal approach: what it means, which techniques to choose. 0,5 hour
3. Orthopedic diagnostic imaging in equine and farm animals. 4 hours
4. Axial skeleton and head radiology. 1 hour
5. Radiology of the thorax. 1 hour
6. Imaging in the Foal/Yearling and calf. 1 hour
Practical lessons (16 hours)
1. Management of equine/bovine patient and setting of the instrumentation 1 hour
2. Imaging of the foot/pastern region: Preparation of the foot, analysis and
interpretation of the significative findings. 4 hours
3. Imaging of the fetlock/proximal metacarpus-metatarsus:
Analysis and interpretation of the significative findings. 3 hours
4. Imaging of carpus and tarsus: Analysis and interpretation of the
significative findings. 2,5 hours
5. Imaging of stifle, elbow, shoulder: Analysis and interpretation of the
significative findings. 1,5 hours
6. Imaging of the head and axial skeleton: Analysis and
interpretation of the significative findings. 3 hours
7. Imaging examination of the thoraco-abdominal regions: Analysis and
interpretation of the significative findings. 1 hour
1. Diagnostic Imaging techniques in horses and farm animals. 0,5 hour
2. Multimodal approach: what it means, which techniques to choose. 0,5 hour
3. Orthopedic diagnostic imaging in equine and farm animals. 4 hours
4. Axial skeleton and head radiology. 1 hour
5. Radiology of the thorax. 1 hour
6. Imaging in the Foal/Yearling and calf. 1 hour
Practical lessons (16 hours)
1. Management of equine/bovine patient and setting of the instrumentation 1 hour
2. Imaging of the foot/pastern region: Preparation of the foot, analysis and
interpretation of the significative findings. 4 hours
3. Imaging of the fetlock/proximal metacarpus-metatarsus:
Analysis and interpretation of the significative findings. 3 hours
4. Imaging of carpus and tarsus: Analysis and interpretation of the
significative findings. 2,5 hours
5. Imaging of stifle, elbow, shoulder: Analysis and interpretation of the
significative findings. 1,5 hours
6. Imaging of the head and axial skeleton: Analysis and
interpretation of the significative findings. 3 hours
7. Imaging examination of the thoraco-abdominal regions: Analysis and
interpretation of the significative findings. 1 hour
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons (1 CFU- 8 hours) are held in the classroom with the help of slides. Students are invited to actively participate in the lesson based on the knowledge acquired in the preparatory subjects. Seminar-type lessons are provided where students, divided into 5-6 per group, examine clinical radiological cases in digital format, under the supervision of the teacher, and illustrate them to those present by providing a description of the apparatus or district under examination in normal and/or pathological conditions and formulating a differential diagnostic procedure. It will be possible to consult reference texts.
There will be practical exercises (1 CFU-16 h) in which students will be divided into groups of 5-6 people and will have the opportunity to put into practice what they have learned during the face-to-face lessons. The exercises will take place in the diagnostic imaging department of the University Veterinary Hospital. Students are requested to actively participate in the exercises based on the knowledge acquired during the face-to-face classes.
There will be practical exercises (1 CFU-16 h) in which students will be divided into groups of 5-6 people and will have the opportunity to put into practice what they have learned during the face-to-face lessons. The exercises will take place in the diagnostic imaging department of the University Veterinary Hospital. Students are requested to actively participate in the exercises based on the knowledge acquired during the face-to-face classes.
Teaching Resources
Testi di riferimento/references text and web resources
1. Thrall D.E.: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology. Saunders, 7th ed.2018
Chapters: 5, 6, 7, 8. (equine), 9 (equine), 17 13, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 37.
2. Ariel: course slides (.pdf format).
Day one competences
-1.1 -1.20 -2.12
-1.5 -1.21
-1.6 -1.22
-1.8 -1.23
-1.11 -1.32
-1.12 -2.1
-1.13 -2.5
-1.14 -2.11
-1.16 -1.18
1. Thrall D.E.: Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology. Saunders, 7th ed.2018
Chapters: 5, 6, 7, 8. (equine), 9 (equine), 17 13, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 37.
2. Ariel: course slides (.pdf format).
Day one competences
-1.1 -1.20 -2.12
-1.5 -1.21
-1.6 -1.22
-1.8 -1.23
-1.11 -1.32
-1.12 -2.1
-1.13 -2.5
-1.14 -2.11
-1.16 -1.18
Regional anatomy
Course syllabus
The module provides notions of general anatomy and applied anatomy for the study of the relationships between organs and systems in the superficial and deep regions of the body and about topographic spaces and cavities. The topics are presented and described starting from a reference species and widening the discussion with an analysis compared to the different species of veterinary interest.
Frontal lessons (16 hours)
1. Introduction to the course, programs, exam procedures, and recommended texts. 1 hour
2. General information on the head regions, in detail the pharyngeal and parotid regions. 1 hour
3. General information on the neck and back regions, in detail the ventral neck regions. 1 hour
4. General information on the regions of the chest, in detail the chest cavity. 3 hours
5. General information on the regions of the abdomen and pelvis and in detail of the
abdominal, pelvic, and perineal regions. 4 hours
6. Regions of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, in detail regions of the hand and foot of equids
and ruminants, nail anatomy. 6 hours
Practical lessons (16 hours)
· Identification and dissection of the superficial and deep regions of the head,
neck, back, and thorax in cadavers of dogs and cats. 6 hours
· Identification and dissection of the deep superficial regions of the abdomen
and limbs in cadavers of dogs and cats. 6 hours
· Identification and dissection, on isolated limbs, of the superficial and deep regions of the hand
and foot of ruminants and equids. 4 hours
Frontal lessons (16 hours)
1. Introduction to the course, programs, exam procedures, and recommended texts. 1 hour
2. General information on the head regions, in detail the pharyngeal and parotid regions. 1 hour
3. General information on the neck and back regions, in detail the ventral neck regions. 1 hour
4. General information on the regions of the chest, in detail the chest cavity. 3 hours
5. General information on the regions of the abdomen and pelvis and in detail of the
abdominal, pelvic, and perineal regions. 4 hours
6. Regions of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, in detail regions of the hand and foot of equids
and ruminants, nail anatomy. 6 hours
Practical lessons (16 hours)
· Identification and dissection of the superficial and deep regions of the head,
neck, back, and thorax in cadavers of dogs and cats. 6 hours
· Identification and dissection of the deep superficial regions of the abdomen
and limbs in cadavers of dogs and cats. 6 hours
· Identification and dissection, on isolated limbs, of the superficial and deep regions of the hand
and foot of ruminants and equids. 4 hours
Teaching methods
The course consists of frontal (16 hours, 2 credits) and practical lessons (16 hours, 1 credit).
The lectures are held in the classroom with the help of presentations in ppt. Students are invited to actively participate in the lesson, based on the knowledge acquired in the preparatory subjects. The slides are available on the teacher's Ariel website.
The practical lessons take place on cadavers (dogs and cats and isolated limbs of ruminants and equids). Each student works independently, individually and/or in groups (max 6 students per group), supervised by tutors, with the help of the reference textbooks. Verifications of learning are foreseen through theoretical questions and practical demonstrations to consolidate the student's knowledge.
The lectures are held in the classroom with the help of presentations in ppt. Students are invited to actively participate in the lesson, based on the knowledge acquired in the preparatory subjects. The slides are available on the teacher's Ariel website.
The practical lessons take place on cadavers (dogs and cats and isolated limbs of ruminants and equids). Each student works independently, individually and/or in groups (max 6 students per group), supervised by tutors, with the help of the reference textbooks. Verifications of learning are foreseen through theoretical questions and practical demonstrations to consolidate the student's knowledge.
Teaching Resources
1. Merighi A: Anatomia Applicata e Topografia Regionale Veterinaria, ed Piccin, 2021
2. Grandis A, Cozzi B: Anatomia Veterinaria Regionale e Applicata, ed Delfinoi 2022
3. Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG: Anatomia Veterinaria, Antonio Delfino Editore, Roma, 2009
4. Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, 4ed H.E. Evans and A. de Lahunta , Elsevir ed, 2013
5. Popesko P: Atlante di Anatomia Topografica degli Animali Domestici, ed Grasso e Edimediche, 1997
Day one competences
-1.1
-1.5 -1.21
-1.6 -1.22
-1.8 -1.23
-1.11 -1.32
-1.12 -2.1
-1.13
-1.14 -2.11
-1.16
2. Grandis A, Cozzi B: Anatomia Veterinaria Regionale e Applicata, ed Delfinoi 2022
3. Dyce KM, Sack WO, Wensing CJG: Anatomia Veterinaria, Antonio Delfino Editore, Roma, 2009
4. Miller's Anatomy of the Dog, 4ed H.E. Evans and A. de Lahunta , Elsevir ed, 2013
5. Popesko P: Atlante di Anatomia Topografica degli Animali Domestici, ed Grasso e Edimediche, 1997
Day one competences
-1.1
-1.5 -1.21
-1.6 -1.22
-1.8 -1.23
-1.11 -1.32
-1.12 -2.1
-1.13
-1.14 -2.11
-1.16
Large animal radiology and nuclear medicine
VET/09 - VETERINARY CLINICAL SURGERY - University credits: 2
Practicals: 16 hours
Lessons: 8 hours
Lessons: 8 hours
Professors:
Longo Maurizio, Zani Davide Danilo
Shifts:
1 TURNO UNICO PER TUTTI GLI STUDENTI DA 8 ORE
Professor:
Zani Davide Danilo2-18 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Longo Maurizio3-18 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 4 ORE
Professor:
Zani Davide DaniloTurno
Professor:
Zani Davide Danilo
Radiological physics
FIS/07 - APPLIED PHYSICS - University credits: 1
Lessons: 8 hours
Professor:
De Zani Donatella
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
De Zani Donatella
Regional anatomy
VET/01 - VETERINARY ANATOMY - University credits: 3
Practicals: 16 hours
Lessons: 16 hours
Lessons: 16 hours
Shifts:
1 TURNO PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 16 ORE
Professor:
Modina Silvia Clotilde Bianca2 TURNO PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 16 ORE
Professor:
Pocar Paola3 TURNO PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA16 ORE
Professor:
Di Giancamillo AlessiaTurno
Professor:
Modina Silvia Clotilde Bianca
Small animal radiology and nuclear medicine
VET/09 - VETERINARY CLINICAL SURGERY - University credits: 2
Lessons: 16 hours
Professor:
Di Giancamillo Mauro
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Di Giancamillo Mauro
Ultrasonography
VET/08 - VETERINARY CLINICAL MEDICINE - University credits: 2
Practicals: 32 hours
Professors:
Faverzani Stefano, Zucca Enrica
Shifts:
1-9 TURNI PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI DA 16 ORE
Professor:
Faverzani Stefano10 TURNO UNICO PER TUTTI GLI STUDENTI
Professor:
Zucca Enrica11-19 TURNI DA 8 ORE PER GRUPPI DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Zucca EnricaEducational website(s)
Professor(s)
Reception:
By appointment
Lodi - Via dell'Università 6 - 26900 - Lodi (LO)
Reception:
By appointment., Monday-Friday
Lodi, Via dell'Università, 6, studio 3085