Veterinary Anatomic Pathology 2
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
This course is designed to provide the student with the knowledge and learning experience of the gross and microscopic changes which accompany specific disease conditions of specific organs and the basic knowledge of general and systemic veterinary pathology and oncology. In Necropsy module the student will learn basic necropsy techniques which should be used to detect specific organ system pathologic findings and to draw rational diagnostic conclusions.
Expected learning outcomes
1 - Knowledge and understanding
At the end of the course the student must have acquired the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the most frequent and important pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated during the course (including neoplastic lesions) and to identify their
causes and pathogenesis. The student must also know the prognostic, health and economic consequences of the main diseases treated. The student will have to know how to preserve a death animal before submission, which are the most important postmortal alterations, timing of their appearance and the various factor influencing them.
2 - Applying knowledge and understanding
The student will have to use the theoretical and practical knowledge acquired to make a gross pathology diagnosis, and when necessary a differential diagnoses. He should also be able to indicate the most appropriate techniques and methods to achieve a correct
anatomical-pathological diagnosis. Moreover, the student will have to be able to ascertain the animal death, to collect correctly the animal history, to perform a necropsy and the related report of the gross lesions observed employing the correct terminology.
3 - Making judgments At the end of the course the student will have to show to be able to autonomously interpret the morphological alterations related to the anatomical-pathological lesions treated in the course and to correlate the lesion observed in order to define their role in the animal death.
4 - Communication skills In order to develop the capacity of the future veterinary to communicate appropriately with the owner of the animal, at the end of the course the student is asked to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way using the correct and appropriate scientific terminology.
5 - Life long learning skills
The student will have to demonstrate the ability to use the knowledge acquired to interpret unespected cases of which he has not had direct experience.
At the end of the course the student must have acquired the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the most frequent and important pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated during the course (including neoplastic lesions) and to identify their
causes and pathogenesis. The student must also know the prognostic, health and economic consequences of the main diseases treated. The student will have to know how to preserve a death animal before submission, which are the most important postmortal alterations, timing of their appearance and the various factor influencing them.
2 - Applying knowledge and understanding
The student will have to use the theoretical and practical knowledge acquired to make a gross pathology diagnosis, and when necessary a differential diagnoses. He should also be able to indicate the most appropriate techniques and methods to achieve a correct
anatomical-pathological diagnosis. Moreover, the student will have to be able to ascertain the animal death, to collect correctly the animal history, to perform a necropsy and the related report of the gross lesions observed employing the correct terminology.
3 - Making judgments At the end of the course the student will have to show to be able to autonomously interpret the morphological alterations related to the anatomical-pathological lesions treated in the course and to correlate the lesion observed in order to define their role in the animal death.
4 - Communication skills In order to develop the capacity of the future veterinary to communicate appropriately with the owner of the animal, at the end of the course the student is asked to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way using the correct and appropriate scientific terminology.
5 - Life long learning skills
The student will have to demonstrate the ability to use the knowledge acquired to interpret unespected cases of which he has not had direct experience.
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
Second semester
Prerequisites for admission
To take the exam, the student must have passed the exam of the Veterinary Pathological Anatomy I course.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam is unique for the modules in which the course is divided and consists of a written test and a practical test. The tests are aimed at assessing that the student knows, can describe with appropriate terminology and classifies:
- lesions and alterations of the cardio-circulatory, musculoskeletal, urinary and reproductive systems during the main diseases of domestic animals and to know how to correlate them with their etiology, pathogenesis and possible evolution and to understand their prognostic value
- the main neoplastic diseases of pets and to understand their prognostic value
- the basic necropsy techniques and apply them, together with the knowledge previously acquired, to the diagnostic practice
WRITTEN TEST
Only passing the written exam allows access to the practical test while maintaining its validity for 6 successive appeals. There are 15 open and multiple choice questions of description, comment and diagnosis of pathological lesions reproduced in projected images, which concern the Veterinary Pathological Anatomy II, Veterinary Oncology and Autopsy programs. Up to 2 points correspond to each correct answer. For partially correct answers fractions of points are assigned. Attention in the attribution of the score is also paid to the use of correct scientific terminology. The total written test corresponds to 30 points. Students who obtain at least 18 points pass the written test. The duration of the test is 1 hour.
PRACTICAL TEST
The practical test will be held subsequently by those who have passed the oral test. The test refers exclusively to the courses of Veterinary Pathological Anatomy II and Autopsies. The exam will take place on pathological viscera of farm animals and on a pet animal corpse and will be aimed at assessing the ability to apply the knowledge acquired to practice. The student may be asked to know how to explain the contents of an anatomic-pathological or necropsy report in a simple but correct scientific terminology.
During the year, exams are distributed as follows: January, February, March / April (one appeal in two months, in late March or early April), June, July, September, October, November / December (one appeal in two months, in late November or early December). On the basis of the ability to apply knowledge and skills, the autonomy of judgment and the communication skills demonstrated, the following levels of assessment can be assigned:
Lode (30 e Lode): Skills even higher than those required for the evaluation of excellence
Excellent (28 - 30); Excellent understanding of the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the main pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated and to know how to indicate causes, pathogenesis, prognostic aspects and / or health consequences. Excellent knowledge of the most important post-mortal alterations and the chronology of their occurrence as well as the factors that can affect them. Excellent autonomy in carrying out anatomo-pathological examinations of isolated organs and autopsy examinations performed showing originality and full familiarity with the subject. Ability to motivate diagnoses by arguing them in a very clear and coherent way. Excellent ability to autonomously interpret necropsy findings and correctly correlate them to define their role in determining the cause of death. Excellent ability to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way using correct and appropriate scientific terminology.
Good (25 - 27): Good understanding of the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the main pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated and to know how to indicate causes, pathogenesis, prognostic aspects and / or health consequences. Good knowledge of the most important post-fatal alterations and the chronology of their occurrence as well as the factors that can affect them. Good autonomy in carrying out anatomo-pathological examinations of isolated organs and autopsy examinations performed showing familiarity with the subject. Ability to interpret necropsy findings by correctly correlating them to each other to define the cause of death and ability to motivate diagnoses with limited help from the teacher. Good ability to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way using correct and appropriate scientific terminology.
Fair (23 - 24): Fair understanding of the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the main pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated and to know how to indicate causes, pathogenesis, prognostic aspects and / or health consequences. Fair knowledge of the most important post-mortal alterations and the chronology of their occurrence as well as the factors that can affect them. Discrete autonomy in carrying out pathological examinations of isolated organs and autopsy examinations which sometimes requires the partial help of the teacher. Ability to interpret necropsy findings by correctly correlating them with each other to define the cause of death and ability to motivate diagnoses that require the partial help of the teacher. Ability to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way not always achieved. The scientific terminology used is not always very correct.
Sufficient (18 - 22): Superficial understanding of the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the main pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated and to know how to indicate causes, pathogenesis, prognostic aspects and / or health consequences. Superficial knowledge of the most important post-mortal alterations and the chronology of their occurrence as well as the factors that can affect them. Limited autonomy in carrying out anatomo-pathological examinations of isolated organs and autopsy examinations which require the frequent help of the teacher. Ability to interpret necropsy findings by correctly correlating them to each other to define the cause of death and ability to motivate diagnoses that require frequent help from the teacher. Limited ability to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way. The scientific terminology used is sometimes not incorrect or inappropriate.
Insufficient (> 18): Inadequate understanding of the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the main pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated and to know how to indicate causes, pathogenesis, prognostic aspects and / or health consequences. Inadequate knowledge of the most important post-mortal alterations and the chronology of their occurrence as well as the factors that can affect them. Inability to perform pathological examinations of isolated organs and autopsy examinations. Inability to interpret necropsy findings by correctly correlating them with each other to define the cause of death and ability to motivate diagnoses despite the teacher's help. Inadequate ability to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way. The scientific terminology used is often incorrect or inappropriate.
In case of insufficient evaluation, the practical test will have to be repeated and the result of the written test will be kept valid.
The final grade will come from the average of the evaluations of the written test and the practical test.
- lesions and alterations of the cardio-circulatory, musculoskeletal, urinary and reproductive systems during the main diseases of domestic animals and to know how to correlate them with their etiology, pathogenesis and possible evolution and to understand their prognostic value
- the main neoplastic diseases of pets and to understand their prognostic value
- the basic necropsy techniques and apply them, together with the knowledge previously acquired, to the diagnostic practice
WRITTEN TEST
Only passing the written exam allows access to the practical test while maintaining its validity for 6 successive appeals. There are 15 open and multiple choice questions of description, comment and diagnosis of pathological lesions reproduced in projected images, which concern the Veterinary Pathological Anatomy II, Veterinary Oncology and Autopsy programs. Up to 2 points correspond to each correct answer. For partially correct answers fractions of points are assigned. Attention in the attribution of the score is also paid to the use of correct scientific terminology. The total written test corresponds to 30 points. Students who obtain at least 18 points pass the written test. The duration of the test is 1 hour.
PRACTICAL TEST
The practical test will be held subsequently by those who have passed the oral test. The test refers exclusively to the courses of Veterinary Pathological Anatomy II and Autopsies. The exam will take place on pathological viscera of farm animals and on a pet animal corpse and will be aimed at assessing the ability to apply the knowledge acquired to practice. The student may be asked to know how to explain the contents of an anatomic-pathological or necropsy report in a simple but correct scientific terminology.
During the year, exams are distributed as follows: January, February, March / April (one appeal in two months, in late March or early April), June, July, September, October, November / December (one appeal in two months, in late November or early December). On the basis of the ability to apply knowledge and skills, the autonomy of judgment and the communication skills demonstrated, the following levels of assessment can be assigned:
Lode (30 e Lode): Skills even higher than those required for the evaluation of excellence
Excellent (28 - 30); Excellent understanding of the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the main pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated and to know how to indicate causes, pathogenesis, prognostic aspects and / or health consequences. Excellent knowledge of the most important post-mortal alterations and the chronology of their occurrence as well as the factors that can affect them. Excellent autonomy in carrying out anatomo-pathological examinations of isolated organs and autopsy examinations performed showing originality and full familiarity with the subject. Ability to motivate diagnoses by arguing them in a very clear and coherent way. Excellent ability to autonomously interpret necropsy findings and correctly correlate them to define their role in determining the cause of death. Excellent ability to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way using correct and appropriate scientific terminology.
Good (25 - 27): Good understanding of the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the main pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated and to know how to indicate causes, pathogenesis, prognostic aspects and / or health consequences. Good knowledge of the most important post-fatal alterations and the chronology of their occurrence as well as the factors that can affect them. Good autonomy in carrying out anatomo-pathological examinations of isolated organs and autopsy examinations performed showing familiarity with the subject. Ability to interpret necropsy findings by correctly correlating them to each other to define the cause of death and ability to motivate diagnoses with limited help from the teacher. Good ability to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way using correct and appropriate scientific terminology.
Fair (23 - 24): Fair understanding of the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the main pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated and to know how to indicate causes, pathogenesis, prognostic aspects and / or health consequences. Fair knowledge of the most important post-mortal alterations and the chronology of their occurrence as well as the factors that can affect them. Discrete autonomy in carrying out pathological examinations of isolated organs and autopsy examinations which sometimes requires the partial help of the teacher. Ability to interpret necropsy findings by correctly correlating them with each other to define the cause of death and ability to motivate diagnoses that require the partial help of the teacher. Ability to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way not always achieved. The scientific terminology used is not always very correct.
Sufficient (18 - 22): Superficial understanding of the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the main pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated and to know how to indicate causes, pathogenesis, prognostic aspects and / or health consequences. Superficial knowledge of the most important post-mortal alterations and the chronology of their occurrence as well as the factors that can affect them. Limited autonomy in carrying out anatomo-pathological examinations of isolated organs and autopsy examinations which require the frequent help of the teacher. Ability to interpret necropsy findings by correctly correlating them to each other to define the cause of death and ability to motivate diagnoses that require frequent help from the teacher. Limited ability to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way. The scientific terminology used is sometimes not incorrect or inappropriate.
Insufficient (> 18): Inadequate understanding of the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to recognize the main pathological lesions of the organs and systems treated and to know how to indicate causes, pathogenesis, prognostic aspects and / or health consequences. Inadequate knowledge of the most important post-mortal alterations and the chronology of their occurrence as well as the factors that can affect them. Inability to perform pathological examinations of isolated organs and autopsy examinations. Inability to interpret necropsy findings by correctly correlating them with each other to define the cause of death and ability to motivate diagnoses despite the teacher's help. Inadequate ability to explain what has been learned in a simple and clear way. The scientific terminology used is often incorrect or inappropriate.
In case of insufficient evaluation, the practical test will have to be repeated and the result of the written test will be kept valid.
The final grade will come from the average of the evaluations of the written test and the practical test.
Veterinary Pathological Anatomy II
Course syllabus
Lessons
The major and most frequent lesions of cardiovascular system pathology, hematopoietic system pathology, urinary system pathology, male reproductive system pathology, female reproductive system pathology, abortion, mammary gland pathology, bone and joints pathology, scheletal muscle pathology, are described in the lectures. The following model is applied to descirbe lesions in each chapter: post mortal changes, developmental anomalies and malformations, physico-chemical injury, metabolic diseases, disturbances of circulation, inflammation, parasitic diseases.
Cardiovascular system pathology (hours 4)
Heart - fluid accumulations in the pericardial sac, serous atrophy of pericardial fat, pericarditis, myocardial degenerations and necrosis, dietetic myocardial dystrophy, cardiomyopaties, myocarditis, parasites, endocardial calcification, valvular endocardiosis, endocarditis
Arteries - ruptures, aneurysms, thrombosis, degenerative and regressive arteriopathies (amyloidosis, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, calcification, fibrinoid change of the arterial wall), arteritis, blood vessels parasites
Veins - ectasia, varicosity, thrombosis, phlebitis
Hematopoietic system pathology (hours 3)
Spleen - Developmental abnormalities, ectopy, ruptures, circulatory disturbances (congestion, hematomas, infarction), metabolic changes (amyloidosis, hemosiderosis, necrosis), splenitis, parasites
Lymph nodes - atrophy, pigmentary changes, necrosis, , circulatory disturbances, lymphadenitis, lymphangectasis, lymphangytis
Urinary system pathology (hours 4)
Kidney - Developmental abnormalities, circulatory disturbances (hemorrhage, infarction), trophic, degenerative and regressive changes (atrophy, vacuolar tubular degeneration, lipidosis, amyloidosis, necrosis), pigmentary and chrystalline nephrosis, nephritis (Glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, purulent nephritis, granulomatous nephritis), parasitic diseases of the kidney
Lower urinary system - Hydronephrosis, developmental abnormalities of the urinary bladder, bovine enzootic hematuria, urolithiasis, cystitis
Male reproductive system pathology (hour 1)
Testis - Developmental abnormalities (aplasia, chryptorchidism, hermaphrodite), atrophy, necrosis, calcification, orchitis, periorchitis, vaginalitis, sperm granuloma
Prostate gland - hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, prostatic cysts, prostatitis
Penis and prepuce - phimosis, paraphimosis, posthitis, balanoposthitis (EHV3 and Trypanosoma equiperdum, habronemiasis)
Female reproductive system pathology (hour 1)
Hermaphrodite, pseudohermaphrodite, oophoritis, ovarian cysts, hydrosalpinx, salpingitis, Developmental abnormalities of the uterus, uterine distopy, uterine and vaginal prolapse, cystic endometrial hyperplasy, hydrometra, mucometra, adenomyosis, endometritis, metritis, biopsie uterine biopsies in mare, vaginitis, vulvovaginitis
Abortion (hour 1)
Embryonic death, mummification, maceration, infectious abortion (bovine, small ruminants, equine, swine, dog and cat)
Skeletal muscle pathology (hours 2)
Circulatory disturbances, atrophy, lipomatosis, vacuolar, granular, hyaline degeneration, Zenker's necrosis, calcification, dietetic myopaties, myositis, granulomas, parassiti (sarcosporidiosis, cysticercosis, trichinosis)
Mammary gland pathology (The topic will be treated during practices with slides projection, description and discussion of the most important changes and lesions. Slide presentation with notes will be available)
Mastitis
Bone and joints pathology (The topic will be treated during practices to small groups using museum material (bones). Slide presentation with notes will be available).
Fracture, osteoporosis, dystrophy (rachitism, osteomalacia, fibrous osteodystrophy, fluorosis, Hypervitaminosis A, acropachia), pigmental changes, periostitis, osteomyelitis. Dyscopathy, arthritis and polyarthritis
Practices
Bone and joints pathology: practical rotation with small groups of students using pathologic material form museum (ore 2)
Local and systemic bone malformations, fracture, osteoporosis, dystrophy (fluorosis, Hypervitaminosis A, acropachia), periostitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis.
Description and discussion of gross changes of organs: practical rotation with small groups of students using organs from slaughters (Necropsy room) (3 rotations of 2 hours)
Serous athrophy of fat, pericarditis, endocarditis, infartcion of kidney, nephritis, lymph nodes pigmentations, lymphadenitis, splenic congestion, perisplenitis, splenitis, artritis are the most frequent observed and discussed findings
Projection, description and discussion of images of gross lesions of organs. (Classroom) (4 rotations of 2 hours).Some of the major and most frequent lesions of cardiovascular system pathology, hematopoietic system pathology, urinary system pathology, male reproductive system pathology, female reproductive system pathology, abortion, mammary gland pathology, bone and joints pathology, scheletal muscle pathology, are described and discussed.
Electronic Logbook competences: 1.8.3; 1.8.4; 1.8.5; 1.8.6; 1.8.7
Day One Competences: 1.3; 1.4; 1.12; 1.21; 1.28; 1.33; 2.5; 2.6; 2.10
EAEVE modes of instruction: lectures 16 hours; seminars 6 hours; non-clinical animal work 10 hours
The major and most frequent lesions of cardiovascular system pathology, hematopoietic system pathology, urinary system pathology, male reproductive system pathology, female reproductive system pathology, abortion, mammary gland pathology, bone and joints pathology, scheletal muscle pathology, are described in the lectures. The following model is applied to descirbe lesions in each chapter: post mortal changes, developmental anomalies and malformations, physico-chemical injury, metabolic diseases, disturbances of circulation, inflammation, parasitic diseases.
Cardiovascular system pathology (hours 4)
Heart - fluid accumulations in the pericardial sac, serous atrophy of pericardial fat, pericarditis, myocardial degenerations and necrosis, dietetic myocardial dystrophy, cardiomyopaties, myocarditis, parasites, endocardial calcification, valvular endocardiosis, endocarditis
Arteries - ruptures, aneurysms, thrombosis, degenerative and regressive arteriopathies (amyloidosis, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, calcification, fibrinoid change of the arterial wall), arteritis, blood vessels parasites
Veins - ectasia, varicosity, thrombosis, phlebitis
Hematopoietic system pathology (hours 3)
Spleen - Developmental abnormalities, ectopy, ruptures, circulatory disturbances (congestion, hematomas, infarction), metabolic changes (amyloidosis, hemosiderosis, necrosis), splenitis, parasites
Lymph nodes - atrophy, pigmentary changes, necrosis, , circulatory disturbances, lymphadenitis, lymphangectasis, lymphangytis
Urinary system pathology (hours 4)
Kidney - Developmental abnormalities, circulatory disturbances (hemorrhage, infarction), trophic, degenerative and regressive changes (atrophy, vacuolar tubular degeneration, lipidosis, amyloidosis, necrosis), pigmentary and chrystalline nephrosis, nephritis (Glomerulonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, purulent nephritis, granulomatous nephritis), parasitic diseases of the kidney
Lower urinary system - Hydronephrosis, developmental abnormalities of the urinary bladder, bovine enzootic hematuria, urolithiasis, cystitis
Male reproductive system pathology (hour 1)
Testis - Developmental abnormalities (aplasia, chryptorchidism, hermaphrodite), atrophy, necrosis, calcification, orchitis, periorchitis, vaginalitis, sperm granuloma
Prostate gland - hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, prostatic cysts, prostatitis
Penis and prepuce - phimosis, paraphimosis, posthitis, balanoposthitis (EHV3 and Trypanosoma equiperdum, habronemiasis)
Female reproductive system pathology (hour 1)
Hermaphrodite, pseudohermaphrodite, oophoritis, ovarian cysts, hydrosalpinx, salpingitis, Developmental abnormalities of the uterus, uterine distopy, uterine and vaginal prolapse, cystic endometrial hyperplasy, hydrometra, mucometra, adenomyosis, endometritis, metritis, biopsie uterine biopsies in mare, vaginitis, vulvovaginitis
Abortion (hour 1)
Embryonic death, mummification, maceration, infectious abortion (bovine, small ruminants, equine, swine, dog and cat)
Skeletal muscle pathology (hours 2)
Circulatory disturbances, atrophy, lipomatosis, vacuolar, granular, hyaline degeneration, Zenker's necrosis, calcification, dietetic myopaties, myositis, granulomas, parassiti (sarcosporidiosis, cysticercosis, trichinosis)
Mammary gland pathology (The topic will be treated during practices with slides projection, description and discussion of the most important changes and lesions. Slide presentation with notes will be available)
Mastitis
Bone and joints pathology (The topic will be treated during practices to small groups using museum material (bones). Slide presentation with notes will be available).
Fracture, osteoporosis, dystrophy (rachitism, osteomalacia, fibrous osteodystrophy, fluorosis, Hypervitaminosis A, acropachia), pigmental changes, periostitis, osteomyelitis. Dyscopathy, arthritis and polyarthritis
Practices
Bone and joints pathology: practical rotation with small groups of students using pathologic material form museum (ore 2)
Local and systemic bone malformations, fracture, osteoporosis, dystrophy (fluorosis, Hypervitaminosis A, acropachia), periostitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis.
Description and discussion of gross changes of organs: practical rotation with small groups of students using organs from slaughters (Necropsy room) (3 rotations of 2 hours)
Serous athrophy of fat, pericarditis, endocarditis, infartcion of kidney, nephritis, lymph nodes pigmentations, lymphadenitis, splenic congestion, perisplenitis, splenitis, artritis are the most frequent observed and discussed findings
Projection, description and discussion of images of gross lesions of organs. (Classroom) (4 rotations of 2 hours).Some of the major and most frequent lesions of cardiovascular system pathology, hematopoietic system pathology, urinary system pathology, male reproductive system pathology, female reproductive system pathology, abortion, mammary gland pathology, bone and joints pathology, scheletal muscle pathology, are described and discussed.
Electronic Logbook competences: 1.8.3; 1.8.4; 1.8.5; 1.8.6; 1.8.7
Day One Competences: 1.3; 1.4; 1.12; 1.21; 1.28; 1.33; 2.5; 2.6; 2.10
EAEVE modes of instruction: lectures 16 hours; seminars 6 hours; non-clinical animal work 10 hours
Teaching methods
Lectures, practices in the dissection room, description and discussion of images of gross lesions and autopsy cases in the classroom.
Teaching Resources
The reference teaching material, in the form of pdf files of the Power Point presentations used during the lessons, is published online in the Ariel 2.0 portal of the University site at https://gsironiap2ov.ariel.ctu.unimi.it/v5/home/Default.aspx
At the same address are reported iconographic material relating to the main anatomical and pathological lesions observed during the practices, links to sites related to the veterinary pathology and to documents and sites of general interest concerning veterinary medicine. Many of these documents relate to regulatory and deontological aspects of the veterinary profession.
Suggested books
- Trattato di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria a cura di F. Guarda e G. Mandelli, B. Biolatti, E. Scanziani quarta edizione, 2013, UTET, Torino.
For more information an knowledge
- Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 5th Edition di Zachary & McGavin, Mosby Ed.
- Patologia Sistematica Veterinaria, P.S. Marcato, II edizione, 2015, Edagricole
At the same address are reported iconographic material relating to the main anatomical and pathological lesions observed during the practices, links to sites related to the veterinary pathology and to documents and sites of general interest concerning veterinary medicine. Many of these documents relate to regulatory and deontological aspects of the veterinary profession.
Suggested books
- Trattato di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria a cura di F. Guarda e G. Mandelli, B. Biolatti, E. Scanziani quarta edizione, 2013, UTET, Torino.
For more information an knowledge
- Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 5th Edition di Zachary & McGavin, Mosby Ed.
- Patologia Sistematica Veterinaria, P.S. Marcato, II edizione, 2015, Edagricole
Veterinary oncology
Course syllabus
Basic principles of oncology, definitions, hallmarks of differentiation, staging and grading, basic mechanisms of invasion and metastatization
Tumors of the alimentary system (oral cavity, esophagus, prestomachs, stomach, intestine)
Tumors of liver and pancreas
Tumors of the urinary system
Tumors of the male and female genital system
Tumors of the respiratory system (nasal cavities, laryngeal, lungs)
Tumors of the heart and vessels
Tumors of the skeletal system
Tumors of the integumentary system
Tumors of the mammary gland
Tumors of the lymphoproliferative system
Tumors of the central nervous system
Electronic Logbook competences: 1.8.3; 1.8.4; 1.8.5; 1.8.6; 1.8.7
Day One Competences: 1.4; 1.11; 1.12; 1.21; 1.28; 1.33; 2.5;
EAEVE modes of instruction: lectures 8 hours; seminars 16 hours
Tumors of the alimentary system (oral cavity, esophagus, prestomachs, stomach, intestine)
Tumors of liver and pancreas
Tumors of the urinary system
Tumors of the male and female genital system
Tumors of the respiratory system (nasal cavities, laryngeal, lungs)
Tumors of the heart and vessels
Tumors of the skeletal system
Tumors of the integumentary system
Tumors of the mammary gland
Tumors of the lymphoproliferative system
Tumors of the central nervous system
Electronic Logbook competences: 1.8.3; 1.8.4; 1.8.5; 1.8.6; 1.8.7
Day One Competences: 1.4; 1.11; 1.12; 1.21; 1.28; 1.33; 2.5;
EAEVE modes of instruction: lectures 8 hours; seminars 16 hours
Teaching methods
The module, divided into 2 credits, includes:
- Frontal teaching (1 CFU - 8 hours) delivered by the teacher as frontal lessons during which the basic aspects of the nomenclature and biological behavior of the different types of tumors (epithelial, mesenchymal, round cell) and the advantages and limits of anatomopathology and histopathology diagnostics.
- Exercise teaching in the classroom (1 CFU 16 hours) during which the main tumors of domestic species will be addressed, divided by system, through the presentation of short clinical-pathological cases that the students, divided into small groups, will discuss among themselves and together to the teacher also on the basis of previously learned notions.
- Frontal teaching (1 CFU - 8 hours) delivered by the teacher as frontal lessons during which the basic aspects of the nomenclature and biological behavior of the different types of tumors (epithelial, mesenchymal, round cell) and the advantages and limits of anatomopathology and histopathology diagnostics.
- Exercise teaching in the classroom (1 CFU 16 hours) during which the main tumors of domestic species will be addressed, divided by system, through the presentation of short clinical-pathological cases that the students, divided into small groups, will discuss among themselves and together to the teacher also on the basis of previously learned notions.
Teaching Resources
The reference teaching material, in the form of pdf files of the Power Point presentations used during the lessons, is published online in the Ariel 2.0 portal of the university website at the address
https://cgiudiceo.ariel.ctu.unimi.it/v5/home/Default.aspx
Suggested books
Tumors of domestic animals 5th edition, 2017, Meuten, ed. Wiley Blackwell
https://cgiudiceo.ariel.ctu.unimi.it/v5/home/Default.aspx
Suggested books
Tumors of domestic animals 5th edition, 2017, Meuten, ed. Wiley Blackwell
Necropsy
Course syllabus
THEORETICAL LESSONS
- Course introduction (1 HOUR). Definitions, motivation and advantages of the necropsy.
- Death verification and animal history collection (2 HOURS)- how to verify that the animal is death. Detailed list of the important animal historical data to be collected before necropsy. Environmental data of the place the corps was dead/found dead.
- Post-mortem modification and putrefaction (3HOURS) . Hypostasis and hypostatic spots evolution, cadaveric and putrefactive spots. Algor, pallor and rigor mortis. Characteristics of the animal and of the environment that can influence rigor mortis. Cadaveric dehydration, ocular post-mortem alterations. Putrefactive meteorism and emphysema.
- Exams of the single abdominal and thoracic organs (2 HOURS). How to extract the various organs and in which order. Principal indicators of pathology organ by organ
PRACTICES
- Necropsy of pet animals (10 HOURS). In necropsy room, students are divided in small groups, each one examining a cat or a dog.
Students describe the observed lesions to be discussed with the teacher in order to individuate the possible cause of the death.
- Necropsy of large animals (10 HOURS). In necropsy room, students are divided in small groups, each one examining bovine, swine or equine. Students describe the observed lesions to be discussed with the teacher in order to individuate the possible cause of the death.
- Seminars (12 HOURS). 6 SEMINARS OF 2 HOURS EACH in which at the beginning are showed the single steps of the necropsy (adults and neonates). Images illustrating the necropsy findings of the most important infectious diseases of dog and cat and the most important organs lesions are illustrated and discussed with students. Images of weapon healings and brief comments on ballistic.
Electronic Logbook competences: 1.8.1; 1.8.2; 1.8.3; 1.8.4; 1.8.5; 1.8.6; 1.8.7
Day One Competences: 1.1; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; 1.11; 1.12; 1.21; 1.28; 1.33; 2.5; 2.6; 2.10
EAEVE modes of instruction: lectures 8 hours; seminars 12 hours; non-clinical animal work 20 hours
- Course introduction (1 HOUR). Definitions, motivation and advantages of the necropsy.
- Death verification and animal history collection (2 HOURS)- how to verify that the animal is death. Detailed list of the important animal historical data to be collected before necropsy. Environmental data of the place the corps was dead/found dead.
- Post-mortem modification and putrefaction (3HOURS) . Hypostasis and hypostatic spots evolution, cadaveric and putrefactive spots. Algor, pallor and rigor mortis. Characteristics of the animal and of the environment that can influence rigor mortis. Cadaveric dehydration, ocular post-mortem alterations. Putrefactive meteorism and emphysema.
- Exams of the single abdominal and thoracic organs (2 HOURS). How to extract the various organs and in which order. Principal indicators of pathology organ by organ
PRACTICES
- Necropsy of pet animals (10 HOURS). In necropsy room, students are divided in small groups, each one examining a cat or a dog.
Students describe the observed lesions to be discussed with the teacher in order to individuate the possible cause of the death.
- Necropsy of large animals (10 HOURS). In necropsy room, students are divided in small groups, each one examining bovine, swine or equine. Students describe the observed lesions to be discussed with the teacher in order to individuate the possible cause of the death.
- Seminars (12 HOURS). 6 SEMINARS OF 2 HOURS EACH in which at the beginning are showed the single steps of the necropsy (adults and neonates). Images illustrating the necropsy findings of the most important infectious diseases of dog and cat and the most important organs lesions are illustrated and discussed with students. Images of weapon healings and brief comments on ballistic.
Electronic Logbook competences: 1.8.1; 1.8.2; 1.8.3; 1.8.4; 1.8.5; 1.8.6; 1.8.7
Day One Competences: 1.1; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; 1.11; 1.12; 1.21; 1.28; 1.33; 2.5; 2.6; 2.10
EAEVE modes of instruction: lectures 8 hours; seminars 12 hours; non-clinical animal work 20 hours
Teaching methods
The module consists of 3 credits
- 1 Credit (8 hours) of theoretical lessons
- 2 credits (32 hours) of practices, mostly in necropsy room examining cadavers of small and large animals and a part dedicated to seminars in which images of necropsy cases are illustrated and discussed.
- 1 Credit (8 hours) of theoretical lessons
- 2 credits (32 hours) of practices, mostly in necropsy room examining cadavers of small and large animals and a part dedicated to seminars in which images of necropsy cases are illustrated and discussed.
Teaching Resources
The reference teaching material is pdf file relating to Power Point presentations used by the teacher in theoretical lessons and seminar activities. This material is available online in the Ariel 2.0 University website at the address: http://vgriecoa.ariel.ctu.unimi.it/v3/frm3/ThreadList.aspx?fc=PZLUKKTo1
Suggested books
Tecnica autoptica e diagnostica cadaverica. Autori: Taccini - Rossi - Gili - Editore: Poletto Editore, Milano, 2006 .
Trattato di anatomia Patologica Veterinaria. Autori: Guarda, Mandelli, Biolatti, Scanziani - Quarta Edizione - Editore: UTET, Torino, 2013
Suggested books
Tecnica autoptica e diagnostica cadaverica. Autori: Taccini - Rossi - Gili - Editore: Poletto Editore, Milano, 2006 .
Trattato di anatomia Patologica Veterinaria. Autori: Guarda, Mandelli, Biolatti, Scanziani - Quarta Edizione - Editore: UTET, Torino, 2013
Necropsy
VET/03 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY - University credits: 3
Practicals: 32 hours
Lessons: 8 hours
Lessons: 8 hours
Shifts:
1 - 6 turni da 10 ore per gruppi di studenti
Professor:
Recordati Camilla2- 6 turni da 10 ore per grupppi di studenti
Professor:
Riccaboni Pietro3- turno unico per tutti gli studenti
Professor:
Grieco Valeria4 - turno unico per tutti gli studenti
Professor:
Riccaboni PietroTurno
Professor:
Riccaboni Pietro
Veterinary oncology
VET/03 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY - University credits: 2
Practicals: 16 hours
Lessons: 8 hours
Lessons: 8 hours
Professor:
Giudice Chiara
Shifts:
1- 4 turni da 10 ore per gruppi di studenti
Professor:
Giudice ChiaraTurno
Professor:
Giudice ChiaraTurno unico per tutti gli studenti
Professor:
Giudice Chiara
Veterinary Pathological Anatomy II
VET/03 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY - University credits: 3
Practicals: 16 hours
Lessons: 16 hours
Lessons: 16 hours
Professor:
Grieco Valeria
Shifts:
1- 6 turni da 10 ore per gruppi di studenti
Professor:
Grieco ValeriaTurno
Professor:
Grieco ValeriaTurno unico per tutti gli studenti
Professor:
Grieco ValeriaProfessor(s)
Reception:
E-mail
Pathology ward in Veterinary hospital - Lodi