Technical Physics and Industrial Chemistry

Introduction to the course and general notions on environmental pollution: definition, regulations evolution, mentions on the effects and on prevention and inspection strategies.
Soil pollution: soil pollution phenomenology; soil and polluted groundwater treatment techniques; legislative aspects; risk assessment of polluted sites.
Water pollution: water pollution phenomenology; natural water features; water depuration techniques: civil wastewater treatment plant; disinfection treatments.

Physical quantities and measurement theory. Introduction to Thermodynamics. Zero Principle of Thermodynamics. Definition of temperature and temperature scales. Law of perfect gases. Real gases and phase changes. Introduction to calorimetry. Heat transmission: conduction, convection and radiation. First and second principles of thermodynamics for closed systems. The thermal machine. Pollution associated with thermal machines. Introduction to mechanical waves and their propagation. Reflection, transmission and interference between mechanical waves. Stationary waves. Sound waves and properties of sound. Noise.

Classification of substances and mixtures. Chemical plants and processes, description and symbology in the graphic representation of processes. Main equipment, accessories, instrumentation and control and regulation systems: construction characteristics and methods of use (hints). Inspection and maintenance activities (hints). Hazardous properties of chemicals: toxic emissions, fires and/or explosions, environmental disasters. Hints on reliability and industrial accidents. Hazard prevention and protection. Hazard identification and basic concepts of Risk Analysis. Main inductive and deductive methods (hints). Human factor (hint). Regulation 'Seveso III' Legislative Decree 105/2015 and description of some major accidents occurred in the past.

Basic concepts of electromagnetism: the basic electrical quantities, electric field and magnetic field, electromagnetic induction, electromagnetic field (EMF), propagation in the space of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum and electromagnetic wave classifications, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Electromagnetic fields: biological bases for exposure limitation, international guidelines and Italian legislation for the protection of the population from EMF, legislation for the protection of workers (D.Lgs. 81/08) and methods for risk assessment. Artificial optical radiation (AOR): coherent and inconsistent radiation, classification of optical radiation, prevention and protection for inconsistent and consistent AOR and risk assessment methods. Ionizing radiation: effects of ionizing radiation on man, criteria and principles of radiation protection. General principles of D.Lgs. 101/20. Natural sources of ionizing radiation. Regulation of exposure to radon and cosmic radiation in D.Lgs. 101/20. Orphan sources and high-activity sealed sources and their locations in D.Lgs.101/20. TITLE XI, Exposure of workers, D.Lgs.101/20: obligations of the employer, physical surveillance and health surveillance, classification of workers and working environments, personal and environmental dosimetry, PPE radiation protection. Management of nuclear emergencies.

Atom structure; nuclides; electromagnetic and corpuscular radiation; excitation and ionization; gamma- and x-rays, x-ray tube; radioactive decay; positron-electron annihilation; coherent diffusion, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, pair creation; dosimetry (absorbed, equivalent, and effective dose); compute tomography as the most relevant source of radiation exposure for medical purposes. Magnetic resonance imaging: biological effects and protection of patients and operators (contraindications and limiting conditions). Basic knowledge of the techniques used in radiodiagnostics and nuclear medicine. Principles of radiobiology. Legislation on radioprotection of workers and patients.