Systems and Diseases I

The course of Systems and Diseases I is arranged as a summary point of the knowledge acquired in the first three years and as a starting point for following clinical learning.
The course consists of 2 parts:
· the first part is dedicated to learning signs and symptoms, including references to pathophysiology, and the ability to collect anamnesis and perform physical examination.
· a second part of Systems Pathology, dedicated to the study of the pathogenesis of diseases affecting Respiratory System, Cardiovascular System, Kidney and of Urinary Tracts, and to the anatomopathological study of the aforementioned organs.
In the course of Systems and Diseases I, for each system/apparatus the following general objectives will be pursued: knowledge of the diseases more frequent and/or which have particular relevance in terms of severity, possibility of therapeutic intervention and/or didactic model; definition of the disease, knowledge of main epidemiological data, pathogenic causes and mechanisms; ability to illustrate the nosographic framework, symptoms at onset and status; interpretation of the biochemical data and proper the use of instrumental imaging investigations useful for diagnosis. The anatomic-pathological and/or genetic context will be also discussed for some diseases.
The Systems and Diseases I course therefore aims to provide students with:
· Knowledge of the structure and function of the main organ systems, including molecular/genetic, biochemical and cellular mechanisms for the maintenance of homeostasis
· Knowledge of principles of epidemiology and scientific bases of research methods relevant for health care.
· Knowledge of the pathogenesis and of the anatomopathological basis of main diseases in cardiology, pulmonology, nephrology and urology fields.
· Nosographic, pathogenetic and pathophysiological knowledge of the most relevant diseases of the various organs and / or systems in the context of a unitary and global understanding of human pathology.
· Clinical concepts of diseases of various organs and / and systems and their correlations with symptoms, physical signs and functional alterations, with interpretation of their pathogenetic mechanisms and understanding of their clinical significance.
· Ability to practice preventive medicine by identifying, addressing and supporting strategies for maintaining health and well-being, identifying and treating diseases in early phases when appropriate, and providing advice on lifestyle practices and prevention.
· Guidelines for conducting research in the medical literature, including electronic databases, and criteria for identifying and interpreting updated evidence to optimize patient care
· Support in promoting lifelong learning and independent research of new knowledge and skills in personal areas of reduced learning in respect of patient care and patient well-

· A responsible understanding of the importance of maintaining health to prevent diseases through the application of learned pathological principles and the application of appropriate clinical pathways
· the ability to understand and to use the basic principles of epidemiology in its practical application
· the ability to adopt the principles learned in health maintenance and disease prevention
· the ability to explain the basic nature of pathological processes from the point of view of causality, epidemiology, natural history and the structural and functional anomalies that ensue
· the ability to recognize and be able to describe the signs and symptoms of the most relevant human diseases and also of the main organ and / or systems failures evaluated in the various lessons of the Course. All that has to be learnt in the context of a unified and global vision of the relationship between signs, symptoms and pathologies
· the skills to recognize the main cardiovascular, respiratory, nephrological and urological diseases, through a correct differential diagnosis or an adequate setting of the diagnostic program with the use of laboratory / functional / radiological examinations and knowledge of the principles of clinical management
· the acquisition of the skills necessary to formulate a clinical question and perform and present an evidence-based review of that selected health topic
· demonstration of a commitment to lifelong learning, self-awareness in areas of personal lack of concepts, independent research of new knowledge and skills in order to provide optimal assistance to our community
· the acquisition of the preparatory knowledge necessary to follow with success the subsequent courses, in particular those of "Semeiotics and pathology of apparatus 2", of "Medical Clinic" and "Clinic and Surgical Therapy"