Preclinical Biomedical Sciences and Humanities
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
The objectives of the course are:
- to describe the bases of the organization of living organisms;
- to describe the main processes necessary for the life and replication of living organisms;
- to describe the principles of transmission and expression of genetic information;
- to know the bases of general and organic chemistry necessary for the study and interpretation of biological phenomena;
- to know the properties of organic compounds and their reactivity;
- to know the main biomolecules and biochemical mechanisms having a relevant role in living systems;
- to acquire an integrated view of metabolism;
- to have more in-depth knowledge of the biochemical processes underlying the functional specialization of the musculoskeletal system and the nervous system;
- to define the main psychic functions and the stages of cognitive, affective and social development;
- to describe the bases of individual and group behavior;
- to describe the fundamental characteristics of learning and its dynamics;
- to choose the behavior, the relational mode and the most appropriate communication with the patient and his family.
- to describe the bases of the organization of living organisms;
- to describe the main processes necessary for the life and replication of living organisms;
- to describe the principles of transmission and expression of genetic information;
- to know the bases of general and organic chemistry necessary for the study and interpretation of biological phenomena;
- to know the properties of organic compounds and their reactivity;
- to know the main biomolecules and biochemical mechanisms having a relevant role in living systems;
- to acquire an integrated view of metabolism;
- to have more in-depth knowledge of the biochemical processes underlying the functional specialization of the musculoskeletal system and the nervous system;
- to define the main psychic functions and the stages of cognitive, affective and social development;
- to describe the bases of individual and group behavior;
- to describe the fundamental characteristics of learning and its dynamics;
- to choose the behavior, the relational mode and the most appropriate communication with the patient and his family.
Expected learning outcomes
Conoscere le basi concettuali precliniche e biomediche del sapere Biologico , Biochimico e della Genetica Medica per comprendere i fenomeni fisiologici e patologici più complessi.
Inoltre lo studente acquisirà informazioni utili ad impostare una comunicazione operatore-paziente all'interno di un modello di medicina centrato sul paziente individuando le principali problematiche relazionali ed emotive all'interno della condivisione di possibili obiettivi clinici. Il discente avrà quindi conoscenze circa le basi dell'educazione terapeutica dei pazienti e delle principali teorie sullo sviluppo umano per riconoscere l'impatto che la malattia può avere sullo sviluppo cognitivo ed emotivo del paziente e sul ciclo di vita della famiglia in cui è inserito.
Inoltre lo studente acquisirà informazioni utili ad impostare una comunicazione operatore-paziente all'interno di un modello di medicina centrato sul paziente individuando le principali problematiche relazionali ed emotive all'interno della condivisione di possibili obiettivi clinici. Il discente avrà quindi conoscenze circa le basi dell'educazione terapeutica dei pazienti e delle principali teorie sullo sviluppo umano per riconoscere l'impatto che la malattia può avere sullo sviluppo cognitivo ed emotivo del paziente e sul ciclo di vita della famiglia in cui è inserito.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
No previous knowledge is required
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam is written. The total grade will consider the different modules based on hours of lectures.
Biochemistry
Course syllabus
Water. Structure and property; Electrolytes; Acids and bases; Buffer power.
Carbon and its bonds. Main classes of organic compounds. Amino acids and peptide bond.
Proteins. Structure and organization. Hemoglobin and other paradigmatic proteins.
Enzymes. Structure and mechanism of action; Mechanisms for regulating enzyme activity; Survey of chemical and enzyme kinetics.
Biological membranes. Components and major transmembrane transport systems.
Metabolism. General features; catabolic and anabolic routes. Energy Metabolism. Energy compounds, ATP cycle, ATP synthesis mechanisms; Krebs cycle; respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism of carbohydrates. Digestion; origin and metabolic destinies of glucose; mechanisms to regulate carbohydrate metabolism.
Metabolism of lipids. Digestion; origin and metabolic fates of fatty acids; mechanisms to regulate lipid metabolism.
Metabolism of amino acids. Digestion; origin and metabolic destinies of amino acids; mechanisms to regulate amino acid metabolism.
Carbon and its bonds. Main classes of organic compounds. Amino acids and peptide bond.
Proteins. Structure and organization. Hemoglobin and other paradigmatic proteins.
Enzymes. Structure and mechanism of action; Mechanisms for regulating enzyme activity; Survey of chemical and enzyme kinetics.
Biological membranes. Components and major transmembrane transport systems.
Metabolism. General features; catabolic and anabolic routes. Energy Metabolism. Energy compounds, ATP cycle, ATP synthesis mechanisms; Krebs cycle; respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism of carbohydrates. Digestion; origin and metabolic destinies of glucose; mechanisms to regulate carbohydrate metabolism.
Metabolism of lipids. Digestion; origin and metabolic fates of fatty acids; mechanisms to regulate lipid metabolism.
Metabolism of amino acids. Digestion; origin and metabolic destinies of amino acids; mechanisms to regulate amino acid metabolism.
Teaching methods
The programme will be carried out exclusively through face-to-face lessons with the help of educational materials (slide and/or videos projections).
Teaching Resources
M. Samaja, R. Paroni - Chimica e Biochimica per le lauree triennali dell'area Biomedica - Ed. Piccin
MV Catani, I Savini, P Guerrieri, L Avigliano - Appunti di Biochimica Per le Lauree Triennali- Ed. Piccin
R Roberti, G Alunni Bistocchi- Elementi di Chimica e Biochimica- Ed. McGraw-Hill.
Lehninger, Nelson & Cox - Introduzione alla biochimica - Ed. Zanichelli
MV Catani, I Savini, P Guerrieri, L Avigliano - Appunti di Biochimica Per le Lauree Triennali- Ed. Piccin
R Roberti, G Alunni Bistocchi- Elementi di Chimica e Biochimica- Ed. McGraw-Hill.
Lehninger, Nelson & Cox - Introduzione alla biochimica - Ed. Zanichelli
Experimental biology
Course syllabus
1. The impact of evolution on the structural and functional organization of the bacterial and eukaryotic cell; the endosymbiotic origin of the mitochondria; a mention of viruses
2. The life cycles of organisms, and the cell division cycles of mammals: mitosis, meiosis and gametogenesis
3. Chemical composition of cells; role of water and weak interactions
4. Informational molecules: structure, localization and function of proteins
5. Informational molecules: DNA as the genetic material
6. Structure of nucleotides and double helix
7. Organization of the bacterial and eukaryotic genome
8. DNA replication in bacteria and eukaryotes
9. Classes of RNA; messenger RNAs
10. Transcription in prokaryotes and its regulation
11. Transcription in eukaryotes, its regulation; post-transcriptional processing of eukaryotic mRNAs
12. Translation into bacteria and eukaryotes: genetic code, tRNA, rRNA and ribosomes, biosynthesis and protein sorting
13. Mutations: causes, and genetic and evolutionary consequences
2. The life cycles of organisms, and the cell division cycles of mammals: mitosis, meiosis and gametogenesis
3. Chemical composition of cells; role of water and weak interactions
4. Informational molecules: structure, localization and function of proteins
5. Informational molecules: DNA as the genetic material
6. Structure of nucleotides and double helix
7. Organization of the bacterial and eukaryotic genome
8. DNA replication in bacteria and eukaryotes
9. Classes of RNA; messenger RNAs
10. Transcription in prokaryotes and its regulation
11. Transcription in eukaryotes, its regulation; post-transcriptional processing of eukaryotic mRNAs
12. Translation into bacteria and eukaryotes: genetic code, tRNA, rRNA and ribosomes, biosynthesis and protein sorting
13. Mutations: causes, and genetic and evolutionary consequences
Teaching methods
Taught lessons with audiovisual support (Powerpoint projections with multimedia elements).
Lectures slides will be uploaded to the ARIEL website
Lectures slides will be uploaded to the ARIEL website
Teaching Resources
M. Samaja, R. Paroni - Chimica e Biochimica per le lauree triennali dell'area Biomedica - Ed. Piccin
MV Catani, I Savini, P Guerrieri, L Avigliano - Appunti di Biochimica Per le Lauree Triennali- Ed. Piccin
R Roberti, G Alunni Bistocchi- Elementi di Chimica e Biochimica- Ed. McGraw-Hill.
Lehninger, Nelson & Cox - Introduzione alla biochimica - Ed. Zanichelli
MV Catani, I Savini, P Guerrieri, L Avigliano - Appunti di Biochimica Per le Lauree Triennali- Ed. Piccin
R Roberti, G Alunni Bistocchi- Elementi di Chimica e Biochimica- Ed. McGraw-Hill.
Lehninger, Nelson & Cox - Introduzione alla biochimica - Ed. Zanichelli
Medical genetics
Course syllabus
Mendel and his experimental method:
- Mendel's first law, the segregation of alleles
- monohybrids and test cross
- Mendel's second law, the independent assortment
- hybrids and polyhybrids
- genotypic and phenotypic relationships in mendelian crosses: examples and applications
· Interaction between alleles and phenotypic effect: complete and incomplete dominance, codominance. Interactions between different genes. Pleiotropism. Multiple allele systems in humans: blood groups.
· Independent and associated genes.
· Chromosome theory of inheritance:
- human chromosomes as a vehicle of inheritance
- the human karyotype
- chromosomal abnormalities in number and structure and clinical implications
- concept of chromosomal mosaicism
- molecular cytogenetics: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), definition, features and applications
· X chromosome inactivation, relevance of the phenomenon in X-linked genetic diseases.
· Genetic sex determination, examples of diseases with altered sex differentiation (adrenogenital syndrome, androgen insensitivity, SRY gene defects).
· Mendelian traits in humans:
- Mendelian and non-mendelian traits
- classification of genetic diseases.
- monogenic inheritance and multifactorial inheritance
· Genetic analysis in humans:
- pedigree construction: symbolism and criteria for the collection of family history
- the main types of pedigrees
- apparent exceptions to Mendel's laws: incomplete and age-dependent penetrance, variable expressivity, neomutations, genetic mosaicism
- allelic, of locus and clinical genetic heterogeneity in most mendelian diseases
· Multifactorial inheritance: quantitative and threshold characters and empirical risks.
· Epigenetics: how genes and environment interact
- Mendel's first law, the segregation of alleles
- monohybrids and test cross
- Mendel's second law, the independent assortment
- hybrids and polyhybrids
- genotypic and phenotypic relationships in mendelian crosses: examples and applications
· Interaction between alleles and phenotypic effect: complete and incomplete dominance, codominance. Interactions between different genes. Pleiotropism. Multiple allele systems in humans: blood groups.
· Independent and associated genes.
· Chromosome theory of inheritance:
- human chromosomes as a vehicle of inheritance
- the human karyotype
- chromosomal abnormalities in number and structure and clinical implications
- concept of chromosomal mosaicism
- molecular cytogenetics: Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH), definition, features and applications
· X chromosome inactivation, relevance of the phenomenon in X-linked genetic diseases.
· Genetic sex determination, examples of diseases with altered sex differentiation (adrenogenital syndrome, androgen insensitivity, SRY gene defects).
· Mendelian traits in humans:
- Mendelian and non-mendelian traits
- classification of genetic diseases.
- monogenic inheritance and multifactorial inheritance
· Genetic analysis in humans:
- pedigree construction: symbolism and criteria for the collection of family history
- the main types of pedigrees
- apparent exceptions to Mendel's laws: incomplete and age-dependent penetrance, variable expressivity, neomutations, genetic mosaicism
- allelic, of locus and clinical genetic heterogeneity in most mendelian diseases
· Multifactorial inheritance: quantitative and threshold characters and empirical risks.
· Epigenetics: how genes and environment interact
Teaching methods
The course is divided into a series of lectures with slide shows in Power Point. The lectures slides are uploaded to the Ariel website.
Teaching Resources
"Genetica Medica Essenziale" Dallapiccola, Novelli - seconda edizione - Il Minotauro Editore
"Le Basi Biologiche della Vita" - Miozzo, Prinetti, Sirchia, Gervasini - Elsevier Editore
"Le Basi Biologiche della Vita" - Miozzo, Prinetti, Sirchia, Gervasini - Elsevier Editore
General psychology
Course syllabus
Introduction to general Psychology
Perception
Attention
Memory
Learning
Emotion
Perception
Attention
Memory
Learning
Emotion
Teaching methods
Lectures, presentation of multimedia materials, discussion of case study, and journal articles related to general psychology.
Teaching Resources
Articoli, slide e materiali forniti a lezione. Una bibliografia dettagliata verrà comunicata all'inizio del corso e pubblicata sulla bacheca ARIEL.
Developmental and educational psychology
Course syllabus
the patient's diary
- Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
- Piaget's theory of cognitive development
- Bowlby's attachment theory
- the phases of the family life cycle
- the impact of the disease on the developmental tasks and life cycle of the family
- Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
- Piaget's theory of cognitive development
- Bowlby's attachment theory
- the phases of the family life cycle
- the impact of the disease on the developmental tasks and life cycle of the family
Teaching methods
Lectures, group discussions, group work, video discussions
The lesson slides and teaching material will be made available on Ariel
The lesson slides and teaching material will be made available on Ariel
Teaching Resources
Psicologia clinica: Moja EA, Vegni E. (2000) La visita medica centrata sul paziente. Raffaello Cortina ed.
Biochemistry
BIO/10 - BIOCHEMISTRY - University credits: 1
Practicals: 15 hours
Professor:
Signorelli Paola
Developmental and educational psychology
M-PSI/04 - DEVELOPMENTAL AND EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Maxia Michela
Shifts:
Don Gnocchi
Professor:
Maxia MichelaSan Carlo
Professor:
Maxia MichelaSan Paolo
Professor:
Maxia Michela
Experimental biology
BIO/13 - EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Massa Valentina
General psychology
M-PSI/01 - GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Oliveri Serena
Medical genetics
MED/03 - MEDICAL GENETICS - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Sirchia Silvia Maria
Educational website(s)