Pharmacology
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
To acquire
- pharmacological knowledge necessary for prescribing and administering commonly used medicines in dentistry, with a good knowledge of their composition, their primary and secondary effects and their indications with particular attention to elderly patients, paediatric patients, pregnant women
- a good knowledge, from the professional practice point of view, of the primary, secondary and side effects of drugs which the patient is treated for other medical treatments
- the fundamental principles of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology
- the therapeutic bases and methods of drug administration
- knowledge of the different classes of drugs and how they work by considering their biological and molecular mechanisms
- understanding the variability of drug response in relation to genetic and pathophysiological factors of patients and possible drug interactions
- knowledge of factors that could affect the desired therapeutic effect and the risk / benefit ratio of a pharmacological therapy
- pharmacological knowledge necessary for prescribing and administering commonly used medicines in dentistry, with a good knowledge of their composition, their primary and secondary effects and their indications with particular attention to elderly patients, paediatric patients, pregnant women
- a good knowledge, from the professional practice point of view, of the primary, secondary and side effects of drugs which the patient is treated for other medical treatments
- the fundamental principles of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology
- the therapeutic bases and methods of drug administration
- knowledge of the different classes of drugs and how they work by considering their biological and molecular mechanisms
- understanding the variability of drug response in relation to genetic and pathophysiological factors of patients and possible drug interactions
- knowledge of factors that could affect the desired therapeutic effect and the risk / benefit ratio of a pharmacological therapy
Expected learning outcomes
To achieve these objectives the student must acquire in-depth knowledge on
- the several methods of administration and fate of drugs in the body: the processes of biotransport, biotransformation / metabolic bioactivation, distribution and elimination of drugs
- the action of drugs at the level of organs and systems, considering their mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular level;
- the features of the pharmacological agents in the dental practice with their mechanism of action and fate inside the human body
- criteria for the differentiation between molecules within the same class, also considering the potential toxicity and physio-pathological characteristics of the patient
- the features of the drugs with a wide therapeutic use and/or administered chronically to consider with the aim to prevent possible abnormal responses to dental drugs
- possible interactions between drug therapies
- the several methods of administration and fate of drugs in the body: the processes of biotransport, biotransformation / metabolic bioactivation, distribution and elimination of drugs
- the action of drugs at the level of organs and systems, considering their mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular level;
- the features of the pharmacological agents in the dental practice with their mechanism of action and fate inside the human body
- criteria for the differentiation between molecules within the same class, also considering the potential toxicity and physio-pathological characteristics of the patient
- the features of the drugs with a wide therapeutic use and/or administered chronically to consider with the aim to prevent possible abnormal responses to dental drugs
- possible interactions between drug therapies
Lesson period: year
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Course syllabus
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
Pharmacokinetics
Biotransport processes involved in drug absorption
Routes of administration
Distribution process, pharmaco and protein bond, volume of distribution.
Biotransformation processes, cytochromes P450, enzyme induction and inhibition, metabolic interactions
Elimination processes,
Half-life and posology.
Factors influencing drug response
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUGS: PRECLINICAL RESEARCH AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
Toxicology and Pharmacovigilance
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND ABNORMAL RESPONSE TO DRUGS
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacological Targets and pharmacological receptors
Agonists / antagonists; receptor theories, dose-response relationship, therapeutic index, potency, efficacy.
Receptor adaptation phenomena: up-and down regulation.
SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY OF THE NEUROVEGETATIVE AND MOTOR SYSTEM
Sympathetic nervous system: direct, indirect and mixed adrenergic drugs, adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists.
Parasympathetic nervous system: direct and indirect cholinergic drugs, agonist and antagonist drugs, drugs active on salivation.
Pharmacology of the motor system: neuromuscular blockers, central muscle relaxants, direct muscle relaxants, muscle relaxants and cranio-mandibular syndromes therapy
Central Nervous System Pharmacology and Related Drugs
Pain Therapy
Cardio-Respiratory System and Related Drugs
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nonsteroidal and Steroidal drugs)
Antistaminic - Anti-Acid and Antiemetic Drugs
Drugs Of Lipoproteic Metabolism and of Hemostasis
Anti-Viral Drugs and Chemotherapy drugs
Pharmacokinetics
Biotransport processes involved in drug absorption
Routes of administration
Distribution process, pharmaco and protein bond, volume of distribution.
Biotransformation processes, cytochromes P450, enzyme induction and inhibition, metabolic interactions
Elimination processes,
Half-life and posology.
Factors influencing drug response
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DRUGS: PRECLINICAL RESEARCH AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
Toxicology and Pharmacovigilance
ADVERSE REACTIONS AND ABNORMAL RESPONSE TO DRUGS
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacological Targets and pharmacological receptors
Agonists / antagonists; receptor theories, dose-response relationship, therapeutic index, potency, efficacy.
Receptor adaptation phenomena: up-and down regulation.
SPECIAL PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY OF THE NEUROVEGETATIVE AND MOTOR SYSTEM
Sympathetic nervous system: direct, indirect and mixed adrenergic drugs, adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists.
Parasympathetic nervous system: direct and indirect cholinergic drugs, agonist and antagonist drugs, drugs active on salivation.
Pharmacology of the motor system: neuromuscular blockers, central muscle relaxants, direct muscle relaxants, muscle relaxants and cranio-mandibular syndromes therapy
Central Nervous System Pharmacology and Related Drugs
Pain Therapy
Cardio-Respiratory System and Related Drugs
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Nonsteroidal and Steroidal drugs)
Antistaminic - Anti-Acid and Antiemetic Drugs
Drugs Of Lipoproteic Metabolism and of Hemostasis
Anti-Viral Drugs and Chemotherapy drugs
Prerequisites for admission
No prior knowledge is required, although a basic knowledge in Biology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Pathology is suggested
Teaching methods
usually face-to-face lessons with the possibility to propose small group meetings to deepen some aspect of the program. Attendance is mandatory: student must be present at 75% of the classes in order to attend to the exam. The student is required to complete the evaluation questionnaire. The teacher meets students by appointment.
Teaching Resources
Utili saranno le informazioni trasmesse a lezione e il sito del corso on-line conterrà sia il materiale degli argomenti trattati a lezione sia materiale di integrazione su argomenti specifici. Il sito Ariel è uno strumento di supporto e di comunicazione tra docente e discente
Si suggerisce la consultazione di uno dei seguenti test:
B.G. Katzung FARMACOLOGIA GENERALE E CLINICA Edizioni recenti PICCIN EDITORE
F. Rossi et al. FARMACOLOGIA principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
Goodman & Gilman Le Basi Farmacologiche della Terapia. XIII Edizione italiana ZANICHELLI
Goodman & Gilman Le Basi Farmacologiche della Terapia. il ManualeII Edizione italiana ZANICHELLI
D Waller Farmacologia medica ed elementi di terapia III edizione ELSEVIER
HP Rang Farmacologia VIII Edizione Italiana, EDRA
Clementi Fumagalli Farmacologia Generale e Molecolare EDRA
Si suggerisce la consultazione di uno dei seguenti test:
B.G. Katzung FARMACOLOGIA GENERALE E CLINICA Edizioni recenti PICCIN EDITORE
F. Rossi et al. FARMACOLOGIA principi di base e applicazioni terapeutiche EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
Goodman & Gilman Le Basi Farmacologiche della Terapia. XIII Edizione italiana ZANICHELLI
Goodman & Gilman Le Basi Farmacologiche della Terapia. il ManualeII Edizione italiana ZANICHELLI
D Waller Farmacologia medica ed elementi di terapia III edizione ELSEVIER
HP Rang Farmacologia VIII Edizione Italiana, EDRA
Clementi Fumagalli Farmacologia Generale e Molecolare EDRA
Assessment methods and Criteria
The examination sessions will be communicated at least two month in advance directly to the students and highlighted on the Ariel site board.
The examination might be divided into two parts in accordance with the students: a middle-term test and a final one. The examination will be a written compulsory test with open answer and multiple choice questions. The questions are descriptive and concern the topics addressed during the frontal teaching and deepened in the non-frontal teaching
The tests are offered at least 6 times during each academic year.
The examination might be divided into two parts in accordance with the students: a middle-term test and a final one. The examination will be a written compulsory test with open answer and multiple choice questions. The questions are descriptive and concern the topics addressed during the frontal teaching and deepened in the non-frontal teaching
The tests are offered at least 6 times during each academic year.
Professor(s)
Reception:
By e-mail to set an appointment
Via Vanvitelli,32 20129 Milano o IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi - Sant'Ambrogio Via Caterina Belgioioso 173 - 20157 Milano,