Medicine and Pharmacology

A.Y. 2024/2025
8
Max ECTS
120
Overall hours
SSD
BIO/14 MED/09
Language
Italian
Learning objectives
To Know the principles of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and the main drug interactions.
To Know the relevant human pathologies in the internal medicine field and their therapeutic approach.
To Know the mechanisms of action and the side effects of the main classes of drugs.
To Know the mechanisms of action and the effects of the substances of abuse.
To Know the concept of pharmacovigilance.
Expected learning outcomes
The student will describe the etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases relevant to Internal Medicine, the signs and symptoms of presentation, the diagnostic and therapeutic indications and the relative urgency, and the differential diagnosis through an inductive-deductive process that begins from presenting symptoms and signs of disease.
It will list and describe the main classes of drugs and their active ingredients.
It will describe the indication, the expected effect, the undesirable effects and the interactions of the active components.
Describe the mechanisms of action and the effects of substances of abuse.
It will explain the mechanisms of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, in particular the mechanisms of action of drugs, of the factors that influence the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs.
It will explain the concept of pharmacovigilance and pharmacogenetics.
Single course

This course can be attended as a single course.

Course syllabus and organization

Fondazione Sacra Famiglia

Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione - Istituto Oncologico Europeo

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Professor: Trapani Dario
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione Ospedale di Magenta

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione San Giuseppe

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione: IRCCS Policlinico San Donato

Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione: Ospedale di Crema

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Professor: Coggi Daniela

Sezione: Ospedale Maggiore di Lodi.

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione:Fondazione Don Gnocchi

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione:Fondazione Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico,Mangiagalli e Regina Elena

Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione:Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione:Ospedale di circolo di RHO

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione:Ospedale Fatebenefratelli

Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Professor: De Gennaro Colonna Vito

Sezione:Ospedale Luigi Sacco

Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Professor: Tombetti Enrico
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione:Ospedale Niguarda Ca Granda

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione:Ospedale San Carlo

Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Professor: Faioni Elena Maria
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours

Sezione:Ospedale San Paolo

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Professor: Faioni Elena Maria
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Professor: Lesma Elena Anna

Sezione:Ospedale Uboldo di Cernusco sul Naviglio

Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Having passed the exams of Anatomy and Human Physiology, General Nursing Sciences, Clinical Nursing Sciences 1 and Internship 1.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The written test includes closed and / or open-ended questions.
The evaluation of the written barrier test DOES NOT give rise to a mark, but only to admission to the oral test.
The oral exam includes questions the assessment of which relates to the following parameters: content, logic, language properties.
The evaluation of the oral test is out of thirty.
Pharmacology
Course syllabus
1. General pharmacology
· What is and what pharmacology deals with
- Concept of drug / toxic
- Discovery and development of new drugs and research phases
- Pharmacovigilance
- Definitions of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

2. Pharmacodynamics
· Concept of receptor
· Receptor drug interaction: types of bonds
· Effectiveness, Power, Dose-response curve
· Therapeutic index
· Agonist and antagonist drugs
· Competitive and non-competitive, chemical and functional antagonism
· The four superfamilies of receptors: channels, bound to G proteins, enzymatic, intracellular and signal transduction
· Concept of receptor desensitization

3. Pharmacokinetics
· Routes of administration of the drugs.
· Pharmaceutical preparations
· Absorption of drugs
· Distribution of drugs
· Biotransformation of drugs
· Elimination of drugs.
· Main pharmacokinetic parameters.
· Individual variability in drug response
- Placebo effect. Hypersensitivity. Addiction
· Drug interactions and between drugs and foods.

Special Pharmacology

4. Autonomic nervous system
· Sympathetic and parasympathetic system. Adrenergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with adrenergic transmission
· Agonist and antagonist drugs that interfere with cholinergic transmission

5. Other Neurotransmission Systems
· Dopaminergic
· Serotonergic
· Histaminergic
· GABAergic

Drugs used in the pathologies of the different systems and systems
For each system: Main classes of drugs, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, methods of therapeutic use, side / toxic effects

6. Gastrointestinal system
· Drugs used in peptic ulcer therapy
· Prokinetic drugs,
· Anti-emetic and emetic drugs,
· Purgative and antidiarrheal drugs (outline)

7. Drugs used in the treatment of diabetes (insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents)

8. Drugs used to regulate fertility

9. Respiratory System
· Drugs used in the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis
· Cough active and mucolytic drugs (outline)

10. Cardiovascular system
· Antihypertensive drugs
· Anti-anginal drugs
· Antiarrhythmic drugs (outline)
· Medicines usable in heart failure
· Medicines for blood diseases

11. Musculoskeletal system
· Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
· Glucocorticoids.

Central nervous system drugs

12. Central analgesic drugs

13. Anxiolytic - hypnotic drugs

14. Antidepressant medications

15. Pain therapy

16. Drugs used in Parkinson's disease

17. Drugs used in Alzheimer's disease

18. Antipsychotic drugs

19. Antiepileptic drugs

20. Antimicrobial chemotherapy
· Main classes of antibacterial drugs and their clinical use
· Drugs active against the main protozoa, fungi, viruses

21. General principles of anticancer chemotherapy and main classes of drugs
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Pinelli, Tognoni, Vaccheri. Farmacologia applicata all'Infermieristica. Padova, Piccin, 2022.
Govoni S. Farmacologia. Milano: Casa Editrice Ambrosiana; 2023.
Wahlen K. Le basi della farmacologia. Milano, Zanichelli, 2020.
Di Giulio AM, Cella SG, Gorio A, Scaglione F, Carelli S. Farmacologia generale e Speciale. Per le lauree sanitarie. (2ed). Padova: Piccin 2018.
Katzung BG, et al. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova: Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
Course syllabus
1. Introduction to clinical medicine
· The practice of Medicine
· Decision-making in Clinical Medicine

2. Chest pain
· Of cardiac origin
- Coronary syndrome
- Pericarditis
· Of respiratory origin
- Pulmonary thromboembolism
- Pneumothorax
- Pleural effusions
· Of other origin
- Oesophagitis

3. Blood pressure changes
· Hypertension - hypotension
· Lipotimia, syncope
· Cardiogenic shock

4. Changes in heart rhythm
· Bradyarrhythmias
· Tachyarrhythmias

5. Impairment of the function of the respiratory system
· Dyspnoea of cardiac origin
- Heart failure
- Acute pulmonary edema
- Cardiac asthma
· Dyspnoea of respiratory origin
- Asthma
- COPD
- Respiratory failure

6. Alterations in the function of the gastrointestinal tract
· Dysphagia, nausea, vomiting
· Diarrhea, constipation
· Gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis, melena
· Ascites
· Jaundice
· Cirrhosis


7. Abdominal pain
· Gastritis, ulcer
· Inflammatory bowel disease
· Diverticulitis, diverticulosis
· Irritable colon

8. Alterations of the hematological function
· Anemia
· Poliglobulie
· Coagulation, bleeding disorders
· Transfusions

9. Changes in kidney and urinary function
· Polyuria, oliguria, anuria
· Hematuria, proteinuria, bacteriuria
· Acute, chronic renal failure
· Edema
· Nephritic syndrome
· Nephrotic syndrome

10. Endocrine-metabolic alterations
· Diabetes
· Hyper - hypo thyroidism

11. Changes in body temperature
· Fever, hyperthermia
· Fevers of unknown origin
· Hypothermia, frostbite

12. Infections
· General information on infections
· The immunocompromised patient
· Of the cardiovascular system
- Endocarditis
· Respiratory system
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
· Of the gastrointestinal system
- Salmonellosis
- Notes on food poisoning
- Hepatitis
· Of the renal system
- Pyelonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
13. Oncology
· Main malignancies
- Respiratory system
- Of the gastrointestinal system
- Of the renal system
- Of the hematological system
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons
Teaching Resources
Antonelli Incalzi R. et al. Medicina Interna per Scienze Infermieristiche.(2ed). Padova: Piccin, 2021
Massini R, Izzi D, Marchetti P. Medicina interna. (ed) Mialno:McGraw Hill. 2019
Rugarli C, et al. Medicina Interna Sistematica.(8ed) Milano: Edra, 2021.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, Jameson JL. Harrison. Principi di Medicina interna
(20ed). Milano: Casa Editrice ambrosiana, 2021. vol 1 e 2.
Massini R et al. Medicina Interna. Milano: McGraw-Hill, 2019.Katzung G. Farmacologia, Compendio e Quesiti a Scelta Multipla. Padova, Piccin, 2019
Internal medicine
MED/09 - INTERNAL MEDICINE - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Pharmacology
BIO/14 - PHARMACOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 60 hours
Professor: Nisoli Enzo
Professor(s)
Reception:
from 2pm to 4pm tuesday, wednesday, thursday
At the Oncology Department - Rho Hospital - corso Europa 250
Reception:
Friday 10:00-12:30 a.m.
Department of Health Sciences, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8
Reception:
on appointment to be organised via e-mail
"Palazzina LITA-Vialba"
Reception:
On Thursdays, at 3 p.m.
CET, via Pace 9 Milano, Pad 2, first floor
Reception:
On appointment (send an email)
Exercise Medicine Units, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, via Pier Lombardo 22
Reception:
meeting appointment to be scheduled by email
ex-Department of Medical Pharmacology, via L. Vanvitelli 32 - 20129 Milan - New Building, Third Floor