General Surgery
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
Educational training objectives are:
1) Lead the student to an overall view of pathological problems of surgical interest and to be able to clearly carry out a differential diagnostic procedure;
2) Lead the student to rationally make the choice of instrumental and laboratory test, based on the principles of sensitivity and specificity, and also with an evaluation of the cost / benefit ratio;
3) With the help of the discussion of simulate clinical cases, perfect the knowledge acquired in previous years and apply them to the understanding of complex clinical syndromes;
4) Provide the elements (notions and method) so that the student can manage the relationship with the patient and his/her family members, in order to help and if necessary guide the decisions that concern them, to make them aware of the benefits, risks, consequences and possible complications of the interventions proposed by the surgeon specialist and to ensure the necessary psychological and assistance support after the discharge of the patient from the hospital ward.
1) Lead the student to an overall view of pathological problems of surgical interest and to be able to clearly carry out a differential diagnostic procedure;
2) Lead the student to rationally make the choice of instrumental and laboratory test, based on the principles of sensitivity and specificity, and also with an evaluation of the cost / benefit ratio;
3) With the help of the discussion of simulate clinical cases, perfect the knowledge acquired in previous years and apply them to the understanding of complex clinical syndromes;
4) Provide the elements (notions and method) so that the student can manage the relationship with the patient and his/her family members, in order to help and if necessary guide the decisions that concern them, to make them aware of the benefits, risks, consequences and possible complications of the interventions proposed by the surgeon specialist and to ensure the necessary psychological and assistance support after the discharge of the patient from the hospital ward.
Expected learning outcomes
At the end of the course the student will have to:
1) Be able to formulate a diagnostic hypothesis, with particular regard to the differential diagnosis;
2) Know how to indicate the most useful and least expensive techniques of physical, laboratory and instrumental diagnosis;
3) Know how to indicate, for each pathology, a PUIGES type evaluation (from the terms Prevalence, Urgency, Medical Intervention, Severity case exemplarity, Social impact);
4) Be able to propose different therapeutic solutions (medical and surgical), evaluating the advantages, risks and possible consequences;
5) Know how to formulate a prognosis quad vita and quad valetudinem (literally "regarding life and health", expression used in the formulation of medical prognosis to express a judgement related to the recovery of a good state of health);
6) Getting to know how the issues of post-operative home care and curative or replacement therapeutic measures after common major surgery;
7) Know the necessary equipment and know how to implement the simplest surgical provisions that the family doctor can be called to perform.
1) Be able to formulate a diagnostic hypothesis, with particular regard to the differential diagnosis;
2) Know how to indicate the most useful and least expensive techniques of physical, laboratory and instrumental diagnosis;
3) Know how to indicate, for each pathology, a PUIGES type evaluation (from the terms Prevalence, Urgency, Medical Intervention, Severity case exemplarity, Social impact);
4) Be able to propose different therapeutic solutions (medical and surgical), evaluating the advantages, risks and possible consequences;
5) Know how to formulate a prognosis quad vita and quad valetudinem (literally "regarding life and health", expression used in the formulation of medical prognosis to express a judgement related to the recovery of a good state of health);
6) Getting to know how the issues of post-operative home care and curative or replacement therapeutic measures after common major surgery;
7) Know the necessary equipment and know how to implement the simplest surgical provisions that the family doctor can be called to perform.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Course syllabus
CLINICAL METHODOLOGY
- the objectives of "knowing" (S) and the objectives of "doing" (F) are indicated here -
At the beginning of the Clinical Surgical course - 1st semester, year V - it is assumed that the student, having attended the Semeiotics and systematics 1st and 2nd courses in the third and fourth year of the course), is able to:
01.(S) draw up a complete medical history;
02.(S) clarify the meaning of the terms relating to disorders of breathing, circulation, digestive processes, bowel movements, urination, indicating the most common manifestations and illustrating the pathophysiological mechanisms involved;
03.(F) perform a correct objective examination, noting the general and local objective signs, relating to the individual organs and systems;
04.(S) report the characteristics that distinguish palpable masses and nodules from each other;
05.(S) clarify the meaning of the terms: pain, tenderness, abdominal defense, peritonism, peritonitis;
06.(S) describe the characteristics of the manifestations indicated with the terms referred to in the previous point, referring to the pathophysiological mechanisms and indicating their pathological significance.
DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
· ABDOMINAL WALL: hernias (hernias and eventrations of the diaphragm; epigastric hernias; inguinal hernias; crural hernias; obturator hernias; incisional hernias) and their complications.
· ESOPHAGUS: esophageal diverticula; hiatal hernias; benign tumors of the esophagus; esophageal carcinoma.
· STOMACH AND DUODENUM: high intestinal bleeding; gastric cancer; surgical complications of peptic ulcer.
· SMALL INTESTINE: benign and malignant neoplasms of the small intestine; intestinal polyps and polyposis.
· LARGE INTESTINE: appendicitis; benign and malignant neoplasms of the large intestine; intestinal polyposis; low intestinal bleeding; diverticular disease.
· RECUM AND ANUS: tumors of the rectum and anal canal; anal fissures; hemorrhoidal disease; rectal prolapse; the rectocele.
· ACUTE ABDOMEN: peritonism and peritonitis; hollow bowel perforation; intestinal obstruction.
· INFLAMMATORY INTESTINE DISEASES: surgical complications of m. Crohn's; surgical complications of ulcerative colitis; toxic megacolon.
· INTESTINAL STOMAIES: general characteristics of manufacturing, function and care of intestinal stomas.
· Topics of surgical interest but of non-surgical educational relevance: esophageal dyskinesias, esophageal achalasia, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, haemorrhagic gastritis, peptic ulcers, colonic diverticulosis, angiodysplasias of the colon.
LIVER, BILIARY, PANCREAS DISEASES
· LIVER AND BILIARY TRACTS: benign tumors of the liver; primary liver tumors; secondary neoplasms of the liver; portal hypertension; neoplasms of the gallbladder and biliary tract; gallstones; cholecystitis; intra- and extrahepatic gallstones; cholestatic jaundice; cholangitis; liver abscesses.
· PANCREAS: carcinoma of the pancreas; carcinoma of the papilla of Vater; acute pancreatitis; chronic pancreatitis; pancreatic pseudocysts; endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
· LUNG: pneumothorax; Valve (or tension) pneumothorax; the "flail chest"; the hydrothorax; hemothorax; primary malignant neoplasms of the bronchi and lungs and notes on benign tumors of the lung (for the purposes of differential diagnosis)
· Topics of surgical interest but of non-surgical educational relevance: pulmonary actinomycosis; tuberculous abscess; bronchiectasis.
DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
· ARTERIES: arteriosclerotic disease; aortic aneurysms and their complications; carotid stenosis; renal artery stenosis; acute and chronic obstructive peripheral arterial diseases; diabetic arterial disease; embolisms; arterial thrombosis.
· VEINS: varicose veins of the lower limbs; superficial and deep phlebitis and their complications.
DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
· HEMATURIA.
· URINARY CALCULUS.
· KIDNEY: renal malformations; malignant tumors of the kidney.
· URETER AND BLADDER: malformations of the urinary tract; ureteral tumors; bladder tumors; bladder diverticula.
· TESTICLE: cryptorchidism; the mobile testicle; epididymitis orchitis; the twisting of the funiculus; hydrocele; varicocele; testicular tumors.
· PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICULES: prostatic adenoleiomyoma (prostatic hypertrophy); prostate cancer.
· PENIS AND URETHRA: urethral strictures; phimosis; paraphimosis; hypospadias; epispadias; balanoposthitis; penile carcinoma.
· THYROID, PARATHYROID AND ADRENAL PATHOLOGY: diagnosis and surgical treatment
· MALIGNANT AND BENIGN BREAST PATHOLOGY: diagnostic and therapeutic framework and multidisciplinary approach
· THE OBESE PATIENT AND BARIATRIC SURGERY: the medical and surgical treatment of obesity and the types of surgery.
- the objectives of "knowing" (S) and the objectives of "doing" (F) are indicated here -
At the beginning of the Clinical Surgical course - 1st semester, year V - it is assumed that the student, having attended the Semeiotics and systematics 1st and 2nd courses in the third and fourth year of the course), is able to:
01.(S) draw up a complete medical history;
02.(S) clarify the meaning of the terms relating to disorders of breathing, circulation, digestive processes, bowel movements, urination, indicating the most common manifestations and illustrating the pathophysiological mechanisms involved;
03.(F) perform a correct objective examination, noting the general and local objective signs, relating to the individual organs and systems;
04.(S) report the characteristics that distinguish palpable masses and nodules from each other;
05.(S) clarify the meaning of the terms: pain, tenderness, abdominal defense, peritonism, peritonitis;
06.(S) describe the characteristics of the manifestations indicated with the terms referred to in the previous point, referring to the pathophysiological mechanisms and indicating their pathological significance.
DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
· ABDOMINAL WALL: hernias (hernias and eventrations of the diaphragm; epigastric hernias; inguinal hernias; crural hernias; obturator hernias; incisional hernias) and their complications.
· ESOPHAGUS: esophageal diverticula; hiatal hernias; benign tumors of the esophagus; esophageal carcinoma.
· STOMACH AND DUODENUM: high intestinal bleeding; gastric cancer; surgical complications of peptic ulcer.
· SMALL INTESTINE: benign and malignant neoplasms of the small intestine; intestinal polyps and polyposis.
· LARGE INTESTINE: appendicitis; benign and malignant neoplasms of the large intestine; intestinal polyposis; low intestinal bleeding; diverticular disease.
· RECUM AND ANUS: tumors of the rectum and anal canal; anal fissures; hemorrhoidal disease; rectal prolapse; the rectocele.
· ACUTE ABDOMEN: peritonism and peritonitis; hollow bowel perforation; intestinal obstruction.
· INFLAMMATORY INTESTINE DISEASES: surgical complications of m. Crohn's; surgical complications of ulcerative colitis; toxic megacolon.
· INTESTINAL STOMAIES: general characteristics of manufacturing, function and care of intestinal stomas.
· Topics of surgical interest but of non-surgical educational relevance: esophageal dyskinesias, esophageal achalasia, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, haemorrhagic gastritis, peptic ulcers, colonic diverticulosis, angiodysplasias of the colon.
LIVER, BILIARY, PANCREAS DISEASES
· LIVER AND BILIARY TRACTS: benign tumors of the liver; primary liver tumors; secondary neoplasms of the liver; portal hypertension; neoplasms of the gallbladder and biliary tract; gallstones; cholecystitis; intra- and extrahepatic gallstones; cholestatic jaundice; cholangitis; liver abscesses.
· PANCREAS: carcinoma of the pancreas; carcinoma of the papilla of Vater; acute pancreatitis; chronic pancreatitis; pancreatic pseudocysts; endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
· LUNG: pneumothorax; Valve (or tension) pneumothorax; the "flail chest"; the hydrothorax; hemothorax; primary malignant neoplasms of the bronchi and lungs and notes on benign tumors of the lung (for the purposes of differential diagnosis)
· Topics of surgical interest but of non-surgical educational relevance: pulmonary actinomycosis; tuberculous abscess; bronchiectasis.
DISEASES OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
· ARTERIES: arteriosclerotic disease; aortic aneurysms and their complications; carotid stenosis; renal artery stenosis; acute and chronic obstructive peripheral arterial diseases; diabetic arterial disease; embolisms; arterial thrombosis.
· VEINS: varicose veins of the lower limbs; superficial and deep phlebitis and their complications.
DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
· HEMATURIA.
· URINARY CALCULUS.
· KIDNEY: renal malformations; malignant tumors of the kidney.
· URETER AND BLADDER: malformations of the urinary tract; ureteral tumors; bladder tumors; bladder diverticula.
· TESTICLE: cryptorchidism; the mobile testicle; epididymitis orchitis; the twisting of the funiculus; hydrocele; varicocele; testicular tumors.
· PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICULES: prostatic adenoleiomyoma (prostatic hypertrophy); prostate cancer.
· PENIS AND URETHRA: urethral strictures; phimosis; paraphimosis; hypospadias; epispadias; balanoposthitis; penile carcinoma.
· THYROID, PARATHYROID AND ADRENAL PATHOLOGY: diagnosis and surgical treatment
· MALIGNANT AND BENIGN BREAST PATHOLOGY: diagnostic and therapeutic framework and multidisciplinary approach
· THE OBESE PATIENT AND BARIATRIC SURGERY: the medical and surgical treatment of obesity and the types of surgery.
Prerequisites for admission
At the beginning of the Surgical Clinic course - 1st semester, year V - it is assumed that the student, having attended Semeiotics and
systematic courses 1st and 2nd in the 3rd and 4th year of the course, is able to:
01. (S) draw up a complete anamnesis;
02. (S) clarify the meaning of the terms relating to respiratory, circulation, digestive processes, alvo, urination, indicating the most
common manifestations and illustrating the pathophysiological mechanisms involved;
03. (F) perform a correct physical examination, detecting the general and local objective signs, relative to the individual organs and
systems;
04. (S) report the characteristics which distinguish the masses and palpable nodules from each other;
05. (S) clarify the meaning of the terms: pain, tenderness, abdominal defense, peritonism, peritonitis;
06. (S) describe the characteristics of the manifestations indicated with the terms referred to in the previous point, reporting on the
pathophysiological mechanisms and indicating their pathological significance.
systematic courses 1st and 2nd in the 3rd and 4th year of the course, is able to:
01. (S) draw up a complete anamnesis;
02. (S) clarify the meaning of the terms relating to respiratory, circulation, digestive processes, alvo, urination, indicating the most
common manifestations and illustrating the pathophysiological mechanisms involved;
03. (F) perform a correct physical examination, detecting the general and local objective signs, relative to the individual organs and
systems;
04. (S) report the characteristics which distinguish the masses and palpable nodules from each other;
05. (S) clarify the meaning of the terms: pain, tenderness, abdominal defense, peritonism, peritonitis;
06. (S) describe the characteristics of the manifestations indicated with the terms referred to in the previous point, reporting on the
pathophysiological mechanisms and indicating their pathological significance.
Teaching methods
The course will be carried out starting from the systematic treatment of some topics and the application of diagnostic-therapeutic decision-making algorithms to them by working on clinical cases.
Some topics will be treated starting from clinical cases and particular space will be given to work aimed at developing the ability to understand and resolve the situations that will be examinedThe teacher, through the ARIEL platform, provides the slides of the lessons and iconography.
The lesson slides are available in MyAriel
Some topics will be treated starting from clinical cases and particular space will be given to work aimed at developing the ability to understand and resolve the situations that will be examinedThe teacher, through the ARIEL platform, provides the slides of the lessons and iconography.
The lesson slides are available in MyAriel
Teaching Resources
"Chirurgia generale"
Autt. De Toma, Montorsi, Bellantoni
"Test book of Surgery"
Aut. Sabiston
"Chirurgia"
Aut. Dionigi
Autt. De Toma, Montorsi, Bellantoni
"Test book of Surgery"
Aut. Sabiston
"Chirurgia"
Aut. Dionigi
Assessment methods and Criteria
The effective achievement of the learning outcomes expected by the student is achieved through an oral test through the description of
a clinical case. The student's ability to frame the pathology is assessed on the basis of the reported symptoms: differential diagnosis,
drug and surgical therapy. In addition to the knowledge of the subject, the student's logical reasoning ability is assessed..
a clinical case. The student's ability to frame the pathology is assessed on the basis of the reported symptoms: differential diagnosis,
drug and surgical therapy. In addition to the knowledge of the subject, the student's logical reasoning ability is assessed..
MED/18 - GENERAL SURGERY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 32 hours
: 16 hours
: 16 hours
Professors:
Corsi Fabio Ruggero Maria, Danelli Piergiorgio
Shifts:
Professor(s)