General E Cellular Biology
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
The course aims to provide the student with the basic knowledge of fundamental characteristics of living organisms, from biological molecules, subcellular organelles, cells and tissues, as well as their functioning, in order to address any subsequent teaching of the biological area.
The teaching aims to provide students with a general understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control replication, transcription, translation,protein maturation and cellular metabolism, as well as deepening specific cellular behaviours such as proliferation, motility, survival and/or death.
Moreover, the course will give to the students an in-depth look at the mechanisms of cell cycle control, signalling pathways and transformation of cancer cells.
The frontal class teaching activity will be supplemented with laboratory practical activities concerning methods of cytology and microscopy.
The educational objective of the course is to develop knowledge related to the general and cellular biology of animal and plant organisms.
The teaching aims to provide students with a general understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control replication, transcription, translation,protein maturation and cellular metabolism, as well as deepening specific cellular behaviours such as proliferation, motility, survival and/or death.
Moreover, the course will give to the students an in-depth look at the mechanisms of cell cycle control, signalling pathways and transformation of cancer cells.
The frontal class teaching activity will be supplemented with laboratory practical activities concerning methods of cytology and microscopy.
The educational objective of the course is to develop knowledge related to the general and cellular biology of animal and plant organisms.
Expected learning outcomes
The student should demonstrate to have acquired and understood a general knowledge about the main inorganic and organic components of living organisms, nucleic acid and protein synthesis and related basic regulation, the main functions of nucleic acids and proteins, and transmission of information from DNA to proteins, both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Moreover, the student should gain knowledge of the molecular organization and functions of subcellular organelles and membrane systems in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells as well as cell division processes of eukaryotic cells. Furthermore, students should gain a basic understanding of the structure of viruses and bacteria.
Upon completing the course, the student should also demonstrate to have acquired the biological terminology in order to communicate the most relevant and recent topics in the field of general and cellular biology of the cells.
Upon completing the course, the student should also demonstrate to have acquired the biological terminology in order to communicate the most relevant and recent topics in the field of general and cellular biology of the cells.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Linea AK
Responsible
Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
General characteristics and principles of classification of living beings.
Kingdoms: Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Biodiversity and the origin of life.
Chemical composition of living matter.
Chemical bonds. Structure and function of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids).
Structure and functions of proteins. An outline about structure and function of antibodies.
Structure and functions of nucleic acids.The DNA as the hereditary material. General remarks on eukaryotic gene structure. From genes to proteins: transcription, processing of RNAs, and translation. General aspects of genetic mutations and their role in evolution.
Energy and metabolism.
Matter and energy flux through living matter.
Chemoautotrophic, photoautotrophic, and heterotrophic organisms.
Nature and properties of enzymes as biological catalysts. The concept of a metabolic pathway.
Bioenergetics (general remarks) and metabolic compartmentalization.
Energy-carrier molecules and coupled reactions.
Viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes.
The eukaryotic cell and its compartmentalization.
Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Unicellular and multi-cellular organisms.
General aspects of bacteria and viruses and their interactions with eukaryotic cells. DNA and RNA viruses. Oncogenic viruses.
Structure and functions of the eukaryotic cell.
General aspects of the methods for studying cells and tissues. Biological membranes: chemical composition, structure and functions of plasma membrane. Transport mechanisms across membranes.
Fundamentals of cell communication and signalling.
The nucleus. Chromatin and chromosomes.
The system of intracellular membranes and the intracellular compartments (the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus).
The cytoskeleton.
The mitochondria: structure and functions.
Lysosomes and peroxysomes.
The protein quality control system and the degradative pathways: autophagy and proteasome.
The extracellular matrix. Junctions between cells and the organisation of cells in tissues. Interaction of organisms with the external environment.
Elements of plant biology.
Characteristics of the plant cells. The cell wall and the vacuole. Structure and functions of plastids. The control of homeostasis in plant cells. Photosynthesis.
Protein synthesis
DNA as hereditary material. DNA replication.
From genes to proteins: transcription and its regulation, RNA maturation and translation with an overview on protein maturation and post-translational modifications.
Overview on DNA mutations and their evolutionary role.
Reproduction of cells and organisms.
Asexual and sexual reproduction; their evolutionary role.
Comparison between somatic and germ cells: mitotic and meiotic divisions.
General aspects of fertilization and early phases of the embryonic development.
Cellular differentiation. From the zygote to the blastocyst, the germinal layers and the formation of tissues. Overview on the stem cells.
The cell cycle and its control.
Checkpoint pathways and cell cycle arrest.
The cyclin/Cdk complexes and their modulation; mechanism of control of the restriction point.
Extracellular signal transmission into the cytoplasmand the nucleus
Growth factors: mechanisms of action, their role in the control of the cell cycle.
Mechanisms of extracellular signal transductions into the cytoplasm and the nucleus: membrane and intracellular receptors.
Mechanism of action of cell adhesion and migration factors.
Apoptosis and necrosis.
The cancer cell
Morphological and metabolic features of neoplastic cells, cancer cell lines. Factors involved in the neoplastic transformation: proto-oncogenes and oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes.
Laboratory lecturers and pratices (16 h)
Lecture Classes (8 h):
2 h: microscopy and methods for subcellular analysis.
2 h: basic principle of cell culture.
2 h: preparation of histological specimens.
2 h: histology of normal and pathological tissues.
Laboratory practices (8 h):
Microscopy use (4 h): use of light microscope and phase-contrast microscope to examine cell cultures and tissue samples. Cell staining techniques (4 h): preparation of eosin-tyazine-stained cell section and microscope observation.
Kingdoms: Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Biodiversity and the origin of life.
Chemical composition of living matter.
Chemical bonds. Structure and function of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids).
Structure and functions of proteins. An outline about structure and function of antibodies.
Structure and functions of nucleic acids.The DNA as the hereditary material. General remarks on eukaryotic gene structure. From genes to proteins: transcription, processing of RNAs, and translation. General aspects of genetic mutations and their role in evolution.
Energy and metabolism.
Matter and energy flux through living matter.
Chemoautotrophic, photoautotrophic, and heterotrophic organisms.
Nature and properties of enzymes as biological catalysts. The concept of a metabolic pathway.
Bioenergetics (general remarks) and metabolic compartmentalization.
Energy-carrier molecules and coupled reactions.
Viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes.
The eukaryotic cell and its compartmentalization.
Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Unicellular and multi-cellular organisms.
General aspects of bacteria and viruses and their interactions with eukaryotic cells. DNA and RNA viruses. Oncogenic viruses.
Structure and functions of the eukaryotic cell.
General aspects of the methods for studying cells and tissues. Biological membranes: chemical composition, structure and functions of plasma membrane. Transport mechanisms across membranes.
Fundamentals of cell communication and signalling.
The nucleus. Chromatin and chromosomes.
The system of intracellular membranes and the intracellular compartments (the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus).
The cytoskeleton.
The mitochondria: structure and functions.
Lysosomes and peroxysomes.
The protein quality control system and the degradative pathways: autophagy and proteasome.
The extracellular matrix. Junctions between cells and the organisation of cells in tissues. Interaction of organisms with the external environment.
Elements of plant biology.
Characteristics of the plant cells. The cell wall and the vacuole. Structure and functions of plastids. The control of homeostasis in plant cells. Photosynthesis.
Protein synthesis
DNA as hereditary material. DNA replication.
From genes to proteins: transcription and its regulation, RNA maturation and translation with an overview on protein maturation and post-translational modifications.
Overview on DNA mutations and their evolutionary role.
Reproduction of cells and organisms.
Asexual and sexual reproduction; their evolutionary role.
Comparison between somatic and germ cells: mitotic and meiotic divisions.
General aspects of fertilization and early phases of the embryonic development.
Cellular differentiation. From the zygote to the blastocyst, the germinal layers and the formation of tissues. Overview on the stem cells.
The cell cycle and its control.
Checkpoint pathways and cell cycle arrest.
The cyclin/Cdk complexes and their modulation; mechanism of control of the restriction point.
Extracellular signal transmission into the cytoplasmand the nucleus
Growth factors: mechanisms of action, their role in the control of the cell cycle.
Mechanisms of extracellular signal transductions into the cytoplasm and the nucleus: membrane and intracellular receptors.
Mechanism of action of cell adhesion and migration factors.
Apoptosis and necrosis.
The cancer cell
Morphological and metabolic features of neoplastic cells, cancer cell lines. Factors involved in the neoplastic transformation: proto-oncogenes and oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes.
Laboratory lecturers and pratices (16 h)
Lecture Classes (8 h):
2 h: microscopy and methods for subcellular analysis.
2 h: basic principle of cell culture.
2 h: preparation of histological specimens.
2 h: histology of normal and pathological tissues.
Laboratory practices (8 h):
Microscopy use (4 h): use of light microscope and phase-contrast microscope to examine cell cultures and tissue samples. Cell staining techniques (4 h): preparation of eosin-tyazine-stained cell section and microscope observation.
Prerequisites for admission
The course will address all basic and advanced notions related to General and Cell Biology. Only the elementary knowledges of chemistry (general, inorganic and organic) and biology tipically obtained in the high school are recommended.
Teaching methods
Lezioni frontali con il supporto di presentazione PPT. Le presentazioni verranno fornite agli studenti tramite la pagina dedicata ai "materiali didattici" nel sito del Docente sulla piattaforma MyAriel (https://myariel.unimi.it).
Teaching Resources
Bonaldo P., Brancolini C., Ginelli E., Malcovati M., Poletti A. Molecole, Cellule e Organismi. Seconda edizione, EdiSES, 2022.
Becker W.M., Becker - Autori: Hardin e Lodolce. X Edizione; Pearson 2022.
Karp G., Biologia cellulare e molecolare, VI quinta edizione, EdiSES, 2021.
Cooper G.M. La cellula: un approccio molecolare. IV terza edizione, Piccin, 2022.
Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P. L'essenziale di biologia molecolare della cellula. IV quarta edizione, Zanichelli, 2015.
Solomon E.P., Berg L.R., Martin D.W., Villee C. Elementi di biologia. VII settima edizione, EdiSES, 2017.
Becker W.M., Becker - Autori: Hardin e Lodolce. X Edizione; Pearson 2022.
Karp G., Biologia cellulare e molecolare, VI quinta edizione, EdiSES, 2021.
Cooper G.M. La cellula: un approccio molecolare. IV terza edizione, Piccin, 2022.
Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P. L'essenziale di biologia molecolare della cellula. IV quarta edizione, Zanichelli, 2015.
Solomon E.P., Berg L.R., Martin D.W., Villee C. Elementi di biologia. VII settima edizione, EdiSES, 2017.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final evaluation will be an oral examination based on the discussion of all the topics addressed during the lecture classes of the course. Students will be asked to demonstrate to have acquired knowledge of the main biological features of the cells (procaryotic and eukaryotic). Specifically, they should demonstrate to have acquired a solid knowledge on: cell membranes, enzymes, cytoplasmic organelles, cell metabolism, flow of the genetic information from DNA to proteins, cell life/death programs, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions, intercellular communications, mitosis and meiosis, asexual/sexual reproduction, gametogenesi, general aspects of fertilization and early phases of the embryonic development, molecular basis of cellular transformation (tumorigenesis), fundamentals of bioergonics and plant biology and photosynthesis, theory of evolution.
During the examination, students should demonstrate to have acquired an accurate and specific biological language allowing them to communicate the most relevant topics in the field of general and cellular biology.
Since the attendance at the laboratory lecturers and practices (16 h) is mandatory, students who have not attended a sufficient number of lessons will be required to take a brief examination consisting in multiple-choice questions (10 questions) on the topics addressed during the laboratory lectures and practices in the winter session (February) of exams prior to the final evaluation.
During the examination, students should demonstrate to have acquired an accurate and specific biological language allowing them to communicate the most relevant topics in the field of general and cellular biology.
Since the attendance at the laboratory lecturers and practices (16 h) is mandatory, students who have not attended a sufficient number of lessons will be required to take a brief examination consisting in multiple-choice questions (10 questions) on the topics addressed during the laboratory lectures and practices in the winter session (February) of exams prior to the final evaluation.
BIO/13 - EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY - University credits: 10
Practicals: 8 hours
Single bench laboratory practical: 8 hours
Lessons: 72 hours
Single bench laboratory practical: 8 hours
Lessons: 72 hours
Professors:
Cristofani Riccardo Maria, Poletti Angelo
Shifts:
Turno 1
Professor:
Cristofani Riccardo MariaTurno 2
Professor:
Cristofani Riccardo MariaTurno 3
Professor:
Cristofani Riccardo MariaLinea LZ
Responsible
Lesson period
First semester
Course syllabus
General characteristics and principles of classification of living beings.
Kingdoms: Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Biodiversity and the origin of life.
Chemical composition of living matter.
Chemical bonds. Structure and function of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids).
Structure and functions of proteins. An outline about structure and function of antibodies.
Structure and functions of nucleic acids.The DNA as the hereditary material. General remarks on eukaryotic gene structure. From genes to proteins: transcription, processing of RNAs, and translation. General aspects of genetic mutations and their role in evolution.
Energy and metabolism.
Matter and energy flux through living matter.
Chemoautotrophic, photoautotrophic, and heterotrophic organisms.
Nature and properties of enzymes as biological catalysts. The concept of a metabolic pathway.
Bioenergetics (general remarks) and metabolic compartmentalization.
Energy-carrier molecules and coupled reactions.
Viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes.
The eukaryotic cell and its compartmentalization.
Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Unicellular and multi-cellular organisms.
General aspects of bacteria and viruses and their interactions with eukaryotic cells. DNA and RNA viruses. Oncogenic viruses.
Structure and functions of the eukaryotic cell.
General aspects of the methods for studying cells and tissues. Biological membranes: chemical composition, structure and functions of plasma membrane. Transport mechanisms across membranes.
Fundamentals of cell communication and signalling.
The nucleus. Chromatin and chromosomes.
The system of intracellular membranes and the intracellular compartments (the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus).
The cytoskeleton.
The mitochondria: structure and functions.
Lysosomes and peroxysomes.
The protein quality control system and the degradative pathways: autophagy and proteasome.
The extracellular matrix. Junctions between cells and the organisation of cells in tissues. Interaction of organisms with the external environment.
Elements of plant biology.
Characteristics of the plant cells. The cell wall and the vacuole. Structure and functions of plastids. The control of homeostasis in plant cells. Photosynthesis.
Protein synthesis
DNA as hereditary material. DNA replication.
From genes to proteins: transcription and its regulation, RNA maturation and translation with an overview on protein maturation and post-translational modifications.
Overview on DNA mutations and their evolutionary role.
Reproduction of cells and organisms.
Asexual and sexual reproduction; their evolutionary role.
Comparison between somatic and germ cells: mitotic and meiotic divisions.
General aspects of fertilization and early phases of the embryonic development.
Cellular differentiation. From the zygote to the blastocyst, the germinal layers and the formation of tissues. Overview on the stem cells.
The cell cycle and its control.
Checkpoint pathways and cell cycle arrest.
The cyclin/Cdk complexes and their modulation; mechanism of control of the restriction point.
Extracellular signal transmission into the cytoplasmand the nucleus
Growth factors: mechanisms of action, their role in the control of the cell cycle.
Mechanisms of extracellular signal transductions into the cytoplasm and the nucleus: membrane and intracellular receptors.
Mechanism of action of cell adhesion and migration factors.
Apoptosis and necrosis.
The cancer cell
Morphological and metabolic features of neoplastic cells, cancer cell lines. Factors involved in the neoplastic transformation: proto-oncogenes and oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes.
Laboratory lecturers and pratices (16 h)
Lecture Classes (8 h):
2 h: microscopy and methods for subcellular analysis.
2 h: basic principle of cell culture.
2 h: preparation of histological specimens.
2 h: histology of normal and pathological tissues.
Laboratory practices (8 h):
Microscopy use (4 h): use of light microscope and phase-contrast microscope to examine cell cultures and tissue samples.ùCell staining techniques (4 h): preparation of eosin-tyazine-stained cell section and microscope observation
Kingdoms: Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia. Biodiversity and the origin of life.
Chemical composition of living matter.
Chemical bonds. Structure and function of biological macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids).
Structure and functions of proteins. An outline about structure and function of antibodies.
Structure and functions of nucleic acids.The DNA as the hereditary material. General remarks on eukaryotic gene structure. From genes to proteins: transcription, processing of RNAs, and translation. General aspects of genetic mutations and their role in evolution.
Energy and metabolism.
Matter and energy flux through living matter.
Chemoautotrophic, photoautotrophic, and heterotrophic organisms.
Nature and properties of enzymes as biological catalysts. The concept of a metabolic pathway.
Bioenergetics (general remarks) and metabolic compartmentalization.
Energy-carrier molecules and coupled reactions.
Viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes.
The eukaryotic cell and its compartmentalization.
Comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Unicellular and multi-cellular organisms.
General aspects of bacteria and viruses and their interactions with eukaryotic cells. DNA and RNA viruses. Oncogenic viruses.
Structure and functions of the eukaryotic cell.
General aspects of the methods for studying cells and tissues. Biological membranes: chemical composition, structure and functions of plasma membrane. Transport mechanisms across membranes.
Fundamentals of cell communication and signalling.
The nucleus. Chromatin and chromosomes.
The system of intracellular membranes and the intracellular compartments (the nuclear envelope, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus).
The cytoskeleton.
The mitochondria: structure and functions.
Lysosomes and peroxysomes.
The protein quality control system and the degradative pathways: autophagy and proteasome.
The extracellular matrix. Junctions between cells and the organisation of cells in tissues. Interaction of organisms with the external environment.
Elements of plant biology.
Characteristics of the plant cells. The cell wall and the vacuole. Structure and functions of plastids. The control of homeostasis in plant cells. Photosynthesis.
Protein synthesis
DNA as hereditary material. DNA replication.
From genes to proteins: transcription and its regulation, RNA maturation and translation with an overview on protein maturation and post-translational modifications.
Overview on DNA mutations and their evolutionary role.
Reproduction of cells and organisms.
Asexual and sexual reproduction; their evolutionary role.
Comparison between somatic and germ cells: mitotic and meiotic divisions.
General aspects of fertilization and early phases of the embryonic development.
Cellular differentiation. From the zygote to the blastocyst, the germinal layers and the formation of tissues. Overview on the stem cells.
The cell cycle and its control.
Checkpoint pathways and cell cycle arrest.
The cyclin/Cdk complexes and their modulation; mechanism of control of the restriction point.
Extracellular signal transmission into the cytoplasmand the nucleus
Growth factors: mechanisms of action, their role in the control of the cell cycle.
Mechanisms of extracellular signal transductions into the cytoplasm and the nucleus: membrane and intracellular receptors.
Mechanism of action of cell adhesion and migration factors.
Apoptosis and necrosis.
The cancer cell
Morphological and metabolic features of neoplastic cells, cancer cell lines. Factors involved in the neoplastic transformation: proto-oncogenes and oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes.
Laboratory lecturers and pratices (16 h)
Lecture Classes (8 h):
2 h: microscopy and methods for subcellular analysis.
2 h: basic principle of cell culture.
2 h: preparation of histological specimens.
2 h: histology of normal and pathological tissues.
Laboratory practices (8 h):
Microscopy use (4 h): use of light microscope and phase-contrast microscope to examine cell cultures and tissue samples.ùCell staining techniques (4 h): preparation of eosin-tyazine-stained cell section and microscope observation
Prerequisites for admission
The teaching course will address all basic and advanced notions related to General and Cell Biology. Only the elementary knowledges of chemistry (general, inorganic and organic) and biology tipically obtained in the high school are recommended.
Teaching methods
Lecture classes with the support of slides. The slides will be made available to students in the webpage dedicated to the "Teaching materials" on the website of the Professor in the myAriel platform
Teaching Resources
Bibliography and additional teaching material:
- Bonaldo P, Brancolini C. et al.,. Molecole, Cellule e Organismi. II edizione, EdiSES, 2022.
- Hardin J. et al. Becker - Il mondo della cellula. X nona edizione, Pearson, 2022.
- Karp G., Biologia cellulare e molecolare, VI quinta edizione, EdiSES, 2021.
- Cooper G.M., Hausman R.E. La cellula: un approccio molecolare. IV terza edizione, Piccin, 2022.
- Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P. L'essenziale di biologia molecolare della cellula. IV quarta edizione, Zanichelli, 2020.
- Bonaldo P, Brancolini C. et al.,. Molecole, Cellule e Organismi. II edizione, EdiSES, 2022.
- Hardin J. et al. Becker - Il mondo della cellula. X nona edizione, Pearson, 2022.
- Karp G., Biologia cellulare e molecolare, VI quinta edizione, EdiSES, 2021.
- Cooper G.M., Hausman R.E. La cellula: un approccio molecolare. IV terza edizione, Piccin, 2022.
- Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P. L'essenziale di biologia molecolare della cellula. IV quarta edizione, Zanichelli, 2020.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The final evaluation will be an oral examination based on the discussion of all the topics addressed during the lecture classes of the course. Students will be asked to demonstrate to have acquired knowledge of the main biological features of the cells (procaryotic and eukaryotic). Specifically, they should demonstrate to have acquired a solid knowledge on: cell membranes, enzymes, cytoplasmic organelles, cell metabolism, flow of the genetic information from DNA to proteins, cell life/death programs, cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions, intercellular communications, mitosis and meiosis, asexual/sexual reproduction, gametogenesi, general aspects of fertilization and early phases of the embryonic development, molecular basis of cellular transformation (tumorigenesis), fundamentals of bioergonics and plant biology and photosynthesis, theory of evolution.
During the examination, students should demonstrate to have acquired an accurate and specific biological language allowing them to communicate the most relevant topics in the field of general and cellular biology.
Since the attendance at the laboratory lecturers and practices (16 h) is mandatory, students who have not attended a sufficient number of lessons will be required to take a written multiple choice test examination (10 questions for each test) on the topics addressed during the laboratory lectures and practices prior to the final evaluation.
During the examination, students should demonstrate to have acquired an accurate and specific biological language allowing them to communicate the most relevant topics in the field of general and cellular biology.
Since the attendance at the laboratory lecturers and practices (16 h) is mandatory, students who have not attended a sufficient number of lessons will be required to take a written multiple choice test examination (10 questions for each test) on the topics addressed during the laboratory lectures and practices prior to the final evaluation.
BIO/13 - EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY - University credits: 10
Practicals: 8 hours
Single bench laboratory practical: 8 hours
Lessons: 72 hours
Single bench laboratory practical: 8 hours
Lessons: 72 hours
Shifts:
Professor:
Oleari Roberto
Turno
Professor:
Rusmini PaolaTurno 1
Professor:
Tedesco BarbaraTurno 2
Professor:
Tedesco BarbaraTurno 3
Professor:
Oleari RobertoEducational website(s)
Professor(s)
Reception:
on request
Via Balzaretti, 9
Reception:
Monday 2 p.m. - 4 p.m.
DiSFeB - via Balzaretti 9