Clinical Science (Gastroenterology, Blood Diseases, Psychiatry, Otorhinolaryngology, Anestesiology and Emergency, Heart

· Physiology of the endocrine system; definition of hormone, hormones' types, rythms of the hormone secretions, hormone receptors
· The hypotalamic-pituitary-peripheral glands axis and the main axis
· Pituitary diseases: hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly e gigantism, hypopituitarism e growth hormone deficit
· Adrenal diseases: hypercortisolism and hyposurrenalism
· Sex hormones disorders: ovary cicle, female and male hypogonadisms
· Thyroid diseases: goiter, thyroid nodules, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
· Diabetes mellitus e acute and chronic complications
· Management of hypoglycemia
· Disorders of the calcium phosphate metabolism e of the bone metabolism (osteoporosis)

INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGY
· Areas of interest
· Composition and function of the blood
· Morphological and functional aspects of blood cells
· Functional aspects of the liquid part of the blood
· Interpretation of a complete blood count
· Production of blood cells
· Notions of bone marrow morphology
ANEMIAS
· Definition and classification
· General clinical features of the anemic patient
· Iron deficiency: causes, presentation and diagnostic principles
· Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency: causes, presentation and diagnostic principles
· Notes on congenital hemoglobinopathies (thalassemia, sickle cell anemia)
· Notes on hemolytic anemias
PATHOLOGIES OF THE WHITE SERIES
· Numerical abnormalities of leukocytes of non-neoplastic cause
· Leukemias and lymphomas: what is the difference?
Features of chronic vs acute leukemias, and myeloid vs lymphoid
· Multiple myeloma and osteonecrosis of the jaw
· Classification and clinical outline of lymphomas
HEMOSTASIS
· Definition
· Pathophysiological aspects of hemostasis
· Platelet disorders vs. coagulation disorders
· Notes on hemophilia and von Willebrand disease
· Anticoagulant therapy:
· Unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin
· New oral anticoagulants
· Odontostomatological procedures in patients on anticoagulant therapy

- Psychopathology: what a mental disorder is and what it is not
- Psychopathology: psychopathological signs / symptoms and Mental Status Examination
- Anxiety disorders (dental phobia classification)
- Mood disorders
- Eating disorders (outline of dental pathology and associated oral cavity)
- Drug use disorders (outline of dental pathology and associated oral cavity)
- Schizophrenia spectrum disorders
- The organization of mental health services in Italy

- Notions of anatomy, physiology and physiopathology of upper airways and digestive tract
- Classification of rhinitis and rhinosinuistis
- Rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis
- Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis and possible sequelae
- Complications of sinusitis
- Disorders of lymphatic ring of Waldeyer and associated diseases
- Snoring, breathing disorders, OSAS
- Acute and chronic tonsillitis, indication to tonsillectomy
- Recurrent acute otitis media (OMAR) and otitis media with effusion (OME)
- Indication to adenoidectomy
- Dysfunction of Eustachian tube and palate
- Salivary disorders and obstructive sialadenitis (stones, duct anomalies, autoimmune disorders, bruxism)
- Relationship between salivary stones and gengival bacterial placque
- Cervical lymphoadenopathy

Local anesthetics
· Amino-esters and Amino-amides
· Physico-chemical properties of local anesthetics
· Site of action of local anesthetics and blockage of nerve conduction
· Biophysical characteristics of local anesthetics: fat solubility and potency, dissociation constant (pKa) and onset time, protein binding and duration of action
· Factors that influence local anesthesia
· Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of local anesthetics
· Local complications of local anesthetics
Topical anesthesia
· Local anesthetics for topical use (lidocaine and prilocaine)
· The instruments for topical anesthesia
Medical history and vital signs (consciousness, heart rate and blood pressure, breathing)
Urgencies and emergencies, symptoms and therapeutic algorithms
Respiratory urgencies and emergencies:
· Central hyperventilation syndrome
· Bronchospasm, asthma
· Acute pulmonary edema
· Complete airways obstruction
· Edema of the glottis
Cardiovascular urgencies and emergencies
· Vaso-vagal syndrome
· Hypotension
· Hypertension
· Angina
· Acute Coronary Syndrome
· Anaphylactic shock
Cardiocirculatory arrest
· Diagnosis
· Basic life support (BLS) and advanced life support (ALS)
· Exercise on the manikin
Urgencies and emergencies in the diabetic patient
· Glycemia measurement
· Hypoglycemia
· Hyperglycemia
The patient with severe kidney failure
Systemic complications of local anesthesia
· Toxic reaction from local anesthetic
· Allergic reaction from local anesthetic
· Iatrogenic methemoglobinemia
Latex allergy and Latex Safe environment
Inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide
Inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide: practice with the sedation machine

· Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system
· Main diseases of the cardiovascular system
· Cardiovascular risk
· Bacterial endocarditis
· Myocarditis
· Management of anticoagulation and anti-aggregation

After an outline of the anatomy and physiology of the digestive system, gastroesophageal reflux disease, celiac disease, peptic ulcer, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, viral liver diseases and hemorrhagic diathesis will be addressed.