Clinical Pathology and Pharmacology

Meaning and purpose of pharmacology. Routes of administration of the drugs. Absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs. (General principles of pharmacology. Drug absorption, biovailability, and routes of administration. Distribution of drugs. Metabolism and excretion of drugs.)
General concepts of pharmacokinetics. (Clinical pharmacokinetics)
Pharmacodynamics: receptors, drug / receptor interaction, endocellular transduction mechanisms of the receptor response (Pharmacodynamics: drug receptors, mechanisms of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect).
General functions of the autonomic and somatic motor nervous system
Drugs and Cholinergic Systems: muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists. Substances with anticholinesterase activity. Drugs that act on the neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia (Acetylcholine and its muscarinic receptor target: muscarinic receptor agonists and antagonists. Anticholinesterase agents. Neuromuscular blocking agents)
Drugs acting on the Sympathetic Nervous System: adrenergic agonists and antagonists. Drugs that act on the synthesis, degradation and uptake of catecholamines (Adrenergic agonists and antagonists Indirect acting sympathomimetic drugs).
Serotonin and dopamine (Serotonin and dopamine)
General principles of antimicrobial theraphy

General: definition and meaning of molecular biomarker, use of laboratory tests (diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, screening). Accuracy accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Laboratory data interpretation: Normal values and reference limits. Causes of variability. Patient preparation, collection and storage and rules for the transport of biological fluids (blood, urine, feces and others). Urinalysis and its clinical significance. Kidney function: clearance. Blood test and meaning of the different concentration of the different blood cells. Notes on anemias and main blood diseases. Myocardial damage biomarkers Clinical enzymology: measurement of enzymatic activity. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, transaminase, gamma GT, amylase, CPK, LDH Plasma proteins: methods of determination. Classes and functions. Cardiometabolic biomarkers Blood lipoproteins: classes and functions. Blood and urine glucose determination. Diabetes: diagnosis and monitoring. Liver: clinical significance of bilirubin and liver enzymes

Diabetes Cardiovascular pathologies
Ischemic heart disease
Cardiovascular failure Atherosclerosis

The infections in surgery
Shock (hypodynamic and hyperdynamic forms)
Pneumothorax
Clinic and surgical pathology of esophagus and stomach
Clinical and surgical pathology of colon, rectum and anus
Clinical and surgical pathology of liver, pancreas and biliary tract
Clinic and surgical pathology of kidney and urinary tract