Anatomy 1

- General principles of body constructivity:
A) Systematic address: Apparatus and organs, definition and structure.
B) Topographic address: division into parts of the human body, their external examination (lines
superficial references) and their internal examination (body spaces)
- Anatomical terminology: position and movement terms.
MUSCOSKELETAL SYSTEM: Generality
- General information on bones: morphology; classification; general terminology; structure;
vascularization, innervation; development and growth.
- General information on the joints: synarthrosis and diarthrosis; classification of synarthrosis and
diarthrosis and structure; axes of movement.
- General information on muscles: morphology; classification; general terminology; structure. Structure
of tendons and aponeuroses. Vascularization and muscle innervation. Accessory organs
of the muscles.
MUSCOSKELETAL SYSTEM: Systematics
HEAD
- Skeleton: general morphological characters of the bones that make up the skull (splancno e
neurocranium); study of the skull as a whole: in-depth study of the exocranial pits
(temporal fossa, infratemporal fossa, pterigo-palatine fossa, orbital, nasal cavity
and buccal); in-depth study of endocranial pits (anterior cranial fossa,
medium and rear).
- Joints: temporomandibular joint.
- Muscles: Mimic muscles: general morphological and functional characteristics; Muscles
chewers: m. thunderstorm, m. masseter, m. external and internal pterygoid.
- Constructiveness of the head: limits and general organization.
RACHIS
- Skeleton: Vertebral column: general morphological characteristics of vertebrae and characters
badges of the various vertebral groups; atlas and axis.
- Joints: artic. of the spine and ligaments; artic. cranial-vertebral and membranes
atlooccipitali.
- Muscles of the rachis: general morphological and functional characteristics of the muscles of the
vertebral showers, fasciae and ventral muscles.
- Functional anatomy of the spine: physiological curves of the spine
NECK
- Muscles: Anterior and lateral muscles of the neck. Neck bands
- Constructiveness of the neck: limits, general organization, neck walls, neck bands, regions:
carotid region: carotid loggia; supraclavicular region: supraclavicular loggia.
CHEST
- Skeleton: general morphological characteristics of the coasts and the sternum.
- Joints: costovertebral and sternocostal joints.
- Intrinsic muscles: intercostal muscles and general morphological and functional characters
of others. Extrinsic muscles: thoracoappendicular muscles and fascial device,
spinoappendulare muscles, spinocostal muscles and diaphragm muscle.
- Functional anatomy of the thoracic cage.
- Constructiveness of the thorax: limits, general organization, thorax walls, reference lines.
ABDOMEN
- Muscles: rectus muscle, external oblique muscle, internal oblique muscle, transverse muscle e
square muscle of the loins. Bands of the anterolateral abdominal muscles. Inguinal canal.
- Constructivity of the abdomen: limits, general organization, abdomen walls, reference lines,
bands of anterolateral muscles, sheath of rectus muscles, regions. Inguinal canal
UPPER LIMB
- Skeleton: general morphological characters of the bones of the shoulder, arm and forearm;
nomenclature and mutual position of the bones of the hand.
- Joints: Artic. sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular. Artic. scapulohumeral and ligaments.
Artic. of the elbow, ligaments and interosseous membrane. Artic. distal ulnar radius. Artic. radiocarpal
and ligaments. Joints of the hand: general functional characteristics of the different complexes
joint.
- Muscles: Musc. intrinsic of the shoulder. Musc. of the arm and bands. Musc. forearm:
muscles
front; general morphological and functional characteristics of musc. lateral and musc. rear:
forearm fascial device. Hand muscles: musc. of the eminence tenar; characters
morphological and general functional of musc. of the eminence hypotenar, of the musculo-human and of the
musc. interosseous. Palmular aponeurosis.
- Functional anatomy of the upper limb.
LOWER LIMB
- Skeleton: general morphological characters of the hip bones. Basin as a whole (narrow
upper and lower, signs of pelvimetry, sexual differences). General morphological characters
of the bones of the thigh and leg. General morphological characters of the talus and calcaneus;
nomenclature and mutual position of the other bones of the foot.
- Joints: Artic. sacroiliac and ligaments. Pubic symphysis. Artic. coxofemorale and ligaments.
Artic. of the knee and ligaments. Artic. proximal and distal tibiofibularis. Interosseous membrane.
Artic. ankle and ligaments. Artic. of the foot: articular astragaleocalcaneale and general functional characters
of other joints.
- Muscles: Musc. hip. Bands, a gap in the muscles and a gap in the vessels. Musc. of the thigh.
Shoe triangle and adductor channel. Lata band. Musc. of the leg: morphological characters
and general functional of musc. anterior and musc. side; musc. posterior: musc. triceps of the
morphological and general functional characters of the others. Musc. of the foot: morphological characters
and general functional of musc. dorsal and plantar muscles.
- Functional anatomy of the lower limb.
CARDIOVASCULAR APPARATUS
- Definition and organic composition; arteries, veins and capillaries (definition, classification
and structure); definition and functional meaning of collateral branches, terminal branches,
distribution area, terminal arteries, anastomoses and collateral circles. Organogenesis of heart, arteries and veins
- Main data on fetal circulation and birth modifications.
HEART
- Morphology, location, orientation, external configuration, internal configuration, morphology
functional of the ventricles and heart valves, ratios and thoracocardiac topography,
structure, conduction system, vascularization and innervation.
- Development of the heart
- Pericardium
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
- Trunk and pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins.
GENERAL CIRCULATION: ARTERIES
- Systematics (ie: origin, course, main relationships, distribution area, collateral branches)
main with relative territory and terminal branches with relative territory) of the following
arteries: aorta (division into sections); ascending aorta: coronary; aortic arch: brachiocephalic trunk,
common carotid, external carotid, internal carotid, subclavian, axillary, brachial; aorta
chest; abdominal aorta: celiac, superior mesenteric, renal, spermatic and ovarian, mesenteric
inferior, common iliac, external iliac, internal iliac, femoral and popliteal.
GENERAL CIRCULATION: VEINS
- Systematics (ie: origin, course, main relationships, drainage area and principal
tributaries) of the following veins: superior cava, brachiocephalic venous tracts, subclavian, jugular
internal, axillary, external jugular, system of azigos veins; inferior quarry, iliac
common, internal iliac, external iliac, femoral; portal vein system (anastomosis and circles
collateral of the portal vein).
DISTRICT CIRCULATION
- Arterial and venous endocranial and exocranial circulation. Circle of Willis. Breasts dura mater.
- Arterial and venous parietal circulation of the trunk (neck, thorax, abdomen).
- Arterial, deep venous and superficial venous circulation of the upper limb.
- Arterial, deep venous and superficial venous circulation of the lower limb.
- Vascularization of the viscera of the trunk (neck, thorax, abdomen).
LYMPHATIC CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
- Definition and organic composition; definition and general structure of the lymphatic vessels.
MAIN LYMPHATICS TRUNKS
- Nomenclature and general area of ​​drainage.
LYMPHATICS OF LOWER LIMB
- Inguinal lymphocenter: site, morphology and functional significance.
LYMPHATIC OF PELVI AND OF THE ABDOMEN
- Lomboaortic lymph nodes: site, subdivision and functional meaning.
CHEST LYMPHATICS
- Lymphatic collectors of the breast.
LINPHATICS OF THE UPPER LIMB
- Axillary lymphocenter: division into groups and functional significance
LIMPHATICS OF THE HEAD AND NECK
- General characters.
Thoracic duct
- Origin, course, main relationships and functional meaning
LYMPHOIDE ORGANS
- Thyme, spleen, lymph node, tonsils: shape, site, orientation, relationships and structure.