Veterinary Anatomic Pathology 1
A.Y. 2023/2024
Learning objectives
The objectives of the course of "Veterinary Anatomic Pathology I" are to provide students with the knowledge necessary to recognize, describe, interpret and classify morphological changes (lesions, alterations) both macroscopic and microscopic of cells/ tissues/organs of domestic animals in the course of diseases and to correlate these modifications to their cause (etiology) to their development (pathogenesis) and eventual evolution.
Expected learning outcomes
1. Knowledge and understanding: the student, at the end of the course, must demonstrate knowledge of the main pathogenic mechanisms, their classification and of which morphological alterations are responsible. The student must know the main morphological alterations (lesions) found in the following systems: respiratory, digestive, nervous, skin and subcutis. He will have to know the importance of some pathologies due to their zoonotic character or their diffusion also at international level.
2. Appling knowledge and understanding: the student must demonstrate knowledge and concepts useful in order to establish correlations between the development of certain lesions and the possible consequences on the function of organs / tissues / cells. He will have to demonstrate that he can do a correct sampling for histological and cytological examination.
3. Making judgments: the student must demonstrate to be able to describe the most common and important macroscopic, histological and cytological pathological findings and interpret them in order to get the morphological diagnosis. When appropriate, critically argue the information acquired. Specific practicals on the interpretation of macroscopic and microscopic changes are devoted to this aspect.
4. Communication: the student must demonstrate the ability to express himself with scientifically appropriate terminology, in particular with regard to terminology related to lesions, diseases and etiological agents. It must know the format and the content of a histological and cytological report and know how to interpret it. The practicals are intended to stimulate the ability to express what is being examined and the ability to scientifically discuss with peers.
5. Lifelong learning skills: the student must demonstrate the ability to use the knowledge acquired to interpret cases or "new" aspects with the help of available sources of knowledge and a solid mental organization. The course will propose not completely resolved cases that will stimulate the student's curiosity to further investigate.
2. Appling knowledge and understanding: the student must demonstrate knowledge and concepts useful in order to establish correlations between the development of certain lesions and the possible consequences on the function of organs / tissues / cells. He will have to demonstrate that he can do a correct sampling for histological and cytological examination.
3. Making judgments: the student must demonstrate to be able to describe the most common and important macroscopic, histological and cytological pathological findings and interpret them in order to get the morphological diagnosis. When appropriate, critically argue the information acquired. Specific practicals on the interpretation of macroscopic and microscopic changes are devoted to this aspect.
4. Communication: the student must demonstrate the ability to express himself with scientifically appropriate terminology, in particular with regard to terminology related to lesions, diseases and etiological agents. It must know the format and the content of a histological and cytological report and know how to interpret it. The practicals are intended to stimulate the ability to express what is being examined and the ability to scientifically discuss with peers.
5. Lifelong learning skills: the student must demonstrate the ability to use the knowledge acquired to interpret cases or "new" aspects with the help of available sources of knowledge and a solid mental organization. The course will propose not completely resolved cases that will stimulate the student's curiosity to further investigate.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Lesson period
First semester
Prerequisites for admission
The preliminary knowledge for adequately address the course are those of the course: Patologia generale veterinaria e biochimica clinica.
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam consists of a written test possibly completed by an oral or practical test.
For the written test there are 20 questions, multiple choice or open questions, which concern both the part of General Veterinary Pathology and of Special Veterinary Pathology. Questions always include gross and microscopic images to be interpreted. The time given to take the written test is 90 minutes.
Evaluation criteria:
- each correct answer for the multiple choice questions corresponds to 1.5 points
- as regards the evaluation of open answers, the following elements of judgment are adopted:
· 1.5 points: excellent and in-depth knowledge of the topics. Clarity of presentation and perfect use of the terminology. Excellent order and synthesis.
· 1-1.4 points: good knowledge of the topics. Clarity of presentation and correct use of the terminology. Good order and synthesis.
· 0.5-0.9 points: superficial knowledge of the topics. Partial clarity and sometimes imprecise use of the terminology. Acceptable order and synthesis.
· 0-0.4 points: the answer is severely lacking or missing entirely. Completely insufficient knowledge of the topics. Disordered exposition, devoid of scientific logic and expressed with an incorrect terminology. Inadequate order and synthesis.
- the written test in total corresponds to 30 points;
- candidates who obtain at least 18 points pass the written test.
Tests that receive the highest grade, can be upgraded with "honors" when the overall result is well beyond the level expected by a student at the corresponding level of study.
Following the communication of the result of the written exam, the candidate can accept the mark, reject it or take a very short oral test allowing, starting from the written result, to add up to 3 points or lose up to 2 points. The elements taken into consideration for the evaluation of this further test are the following:
1. Increased evaluation (final score increased compared to that obtained in the written part by 1, 2 or 3 points):
- Knowledge and comprehension skills wider and more complete than those shown in the written part.
- Compared to the written test, there is a better ability to apply theoretical skills in interpreting pathological pictures.
- Compared to the written test, there is a better ability to interpret and judge pathological pictures and critical knowledge (not purely mnemonic).
- Answers questions accurately. It is expressed in a clear, logical and synthetic way. Use scientific terms correctly. Demonstrate excellent communication skills.
- Compared to the written test, he demonstrates that he knows very well the limit between basic knowledge and the more complex or not fully clarified aspects worthy of further studies.
2. Identical evaluation (identical final score to the one obtained in the written part).
- Knowledge and understanding similar to those shown in the written part.
- Compared to the written test, there is an identical ability to apply theoretical skills in interpreting pathological pictures.
- Compared to the written test, an identical capacity for interpretation and judgment of pathological pictures and critical knowledge (not exclusively mnemonic) is highlighted.
- It is expressed quite clearly, logically and concisely. Use scientific terms correctly. Demonstrate good communication skills.
- Compared to the written test, he demonstrates that he knows the limit between basic knowledge and the more complex or not fully clarified aspects.
3. Decreased evaluation (final score lower than the one obtained in the written part by 1 or 2 points).
- Knowledge and understanding more limited than those shown in the written part.
- Compared to the written test, there is a lower ability to apply theoretical skills in interpreting pathological pictures.
- Compared to the written test, there is a worse ability to interpret and judge pathological pictures and critical knowledge (not purely mnemonic).
- It is expressed in a way that is not always clear, logical and synthetic. Use scientific terms acceptably. Demonstrate sufficient communication skills.
For the written test there are 20 questions, multiple choice or open questions, which concern both the part of General Veterinary Pathology and of Special Veterinary Pathology. Questions always include gross and microscopic images to be interpreted. The time given to take the written test is 90 minutes.
Evaluation criteria:
- each correct answer for the multiple choice questions corresponds to 1.5 points
- as regards the evaluation of open answers, the following elements of judgment are adopted:
· 1.5 points: excellent and in-depth knowledge of the topics. Clarity of presentation and perfect use of the terminology. Excellent order and synthesis.
· 1-1.4 points: good knowledge of the topics. Clarity of presentation and correct use of the terminology. Good order and synthesis.
· 0.5-0.9 points: superficial knowledge of the topics. Partial clarity and sometimes imprecise use of the terminology. Acceptable order and synthesis.
· 0-0.4 points: the answer is severely lacking or missing entirely. Completely insufficient knowledge of the topics. Disordered exposition, devoid of scientific logic and expressed with an incorrect terminology. Inadequate order and synthesis.
- the written test in total corresponds to 30 points;
- candidates who obtain at least 18 points pass the written test.
Tests that receive the highest grade, can be upgraded with "honors" when the overall result is well beyond the level expected by a student at the corresponding level of study.
Following the communication of the result of the written exam, the candidate can accept the mark, reject it or take a very short oral test allowing, starting from the written result, to add up to 3 points or lose up to 2 points. The elements taken into consideration for the evaluation of this further test are the following:
1. Increased evaluation (final score increased compared to that obtained in the written part by 1, 2 or 3 points):
- Knowledge and comprehension skills wider and more complete than those shown in the written part.
- Compared to the written test, there is a better ability to apply theoretical skills in interpreting pathological pictures.
- Compared to the written test, there is a better ability to interpret and judge pathological pictures and critical knowledge (not purely mnemonic).
- Answers questions accurately. It is expressed in a clear, logical and synthetic way. Use scientific terms correctly. Demonstrate excellent communication skills.
- Compared to the written test, he demonstrates that he knows very well the limit between basic knowledge and the more complex or not fully clarified aspects worthy of further studies.
2. Identical evaluation (identical final score to the one obtained in the written part).
- Knowledge and understanding similar to those shown in the written part.
- Compared to the written test, there is an identical ability to apply theoretical skills in interpreting pathological pictures.
- Compared to the written test, an identical capacity for interpretation and judgment of pathological pictures and critical knowledge (not exclusively mnemonic) is highlighted.
- It is expressed quite clearly, logically and concisely. Use scientific terms correctly. Demonstrate good communication skills.
- Compared to the written test, he demonstrates that he knows the limit between basic knowledge and the more complex or not fully clarified aspects.
3. Decreased evaluation (final score lower than the one obtained in the written part by 1 or 2 points).
- Knowledge and understanding more limited than those shown in the written part.
- Compared to the written test, there is a lower ability to apply theoretical skills in interpreting pathological pictures.
- Compared to the written test, there is a worse ability to interpret and judge pathological pictures and critical knowledge (not purely mnemonic).
- It is expressed in a way that is not always clear, logical and synthetic. Use scientific terms acceptably. Demonstrate sufficient communication skills.
Veterinary Anatomic Pathology I
Course syllabus
Lectures (16 hours)
General part (4 hours)
- Introduction (0,5 hours): introduction to the course, definitions, investigative material of veterinary anatomical pathology, applications of veterinary anatomical pathology in veterinary medicine;
- Post-mortal changes and malformations (0,5 hors): main categories, etiology and anatomo-pathological findings;
- Alterations from physical factors (1 hour): dislocations (ectopias), changes in the lumen, alterations in the content of hollow viscera and foreign bodies, injuries from trauma, thermal, radiation, electricity;
- Circulatory disorders (1 hour): hypoemia / hyperemia, dehydration / edema, hemorrhage, embolism, thrombosis, shock;
- Inflammatory processes (1 hour): acute nonspecific, chronic nonspecific, specific (granulomatous inflammation).
Special part (12 hours)
- Nasal and paranasal cavities, trachea and larynx (1 hour): ontogenetic changes, circulatory disorders, inflammatory processes, changes in the lumen;
- Lung (3 hours): changes in the air content, circulation disorders, nonspecific pneumonia, specific pneumonia, parasitic lesions;
- Oral cavity and esophagus (1 hour): ontogenetic alterations, alterations of physical-chemical origin, modifications of the lumen, metabolic alterations, inflammatory processes, parasitic lesions;
- Forestomachs and stomach (1 hour): dislocations, foreign bodies, inflammatory processes, parasitic lesions;
- Intestine (2 hours): ontogenetic changes, dislocations, foreign bodies, changes in the lumen, inflammatory processes, parasitic lesions;
- Liver (2 hours): ontogenetic alterations, metabolic alterations, circulatory disorders, inflammatory processes, parasitic lesions;
- Nervous system (2 hours): ontogenetic alterations, metabolic alterations, circulatory disorders, spongiform encephalopathies, inflammatory processes, parasitic lesions.
Practicals in the classroom (10 hours)
- The gross examination (1 hour)
- Recognition and description of the basic cyto-histological aspects (3 hour)
- Colors in pathology (1 hour)
- The distribution and the shape of the lesions (1 hour)
- The erosions and ulcers, the timing of lesions and the reparative processes (1 hour)
- The neoformations (1 hours)
- The severity of lesions (1 hour)
- The morphological diagnosis (1 hour)
Practicals in the necropsy room: gross examination of organs with lesions (4 hours).
Practicals in the microscope room: microscopic study of cyto-histological slides (2 hours)
General part (4 hours)
- Introduction (0,5 hours): introduction to the course, definitions, investigative material of veterinary anatomical pathology, applications of veterinary anatomical pathology in veterinary medicine;
- Post-mortal changes and malformations (0,5 hors): main categories, etiology and anatomo-pathological findings;
- Alterations from physical factors (1 hour): dislocations (ectopias), changes in the lumen, alterations in the content of hollow viscera and foreign bodies, injuries from trauma, thermal, radiation, electricity;
- Circulatory disorders (1 hour): hypoemia / hyperemia, dehydration / edema, hemorrhage, embolism, thrombosis, shock;
- Inflammatory processes (1 hour): acute nonspecific, chronic nonspecific, specific (granulomatous inflammation).
Special part (12 hours)
- Nasal and paranasal cavities, trachea and larynx (1 hour): ontogenetic changes, circulatory disorders, inflammatory processes, changes in the lumen;
- Lung (3 hours): changes in the air content, circulation disorders, nonspecific pneumonia, specific pneumonia, parasitic lesions;
- Oral cavity and esophagus (1 hour): ontogenetic alterations, alterations of physical-chemical origin, modifications of the lumen, metabolic alterations, inflammatory processes, parasitic lesions;
- Forestomachs and stomach (1 hour): dislocations, foreign bodies, inflammatory processes, parasitic lesions;
- Intestine (2 hours): ontogenetic changes, dislocations, foreign bodies, changes in the lumen, inflammatory processes, parasitic lesions;
- Liver (2 hours): ontogenetic alterations, metabolic alterations, circulatory disorders, inflammatory processes, parasitic lesions;
- Nervous system (2 hours): ontogenetic alterations, metabolic alterations, circulatory disorders, spongiform encephalopathies, inflammatory processes, parasitic lesions.
Practicals in the classroom (10 hours)
- The gross examination (1 hour)
- Recognition and description of the basic cyto-histological aspects (3 hour)
- Colors in pathology (1 hour)
- The distribution and the shape of the lesions (1 hour)
- The erosions and ulcers, the timing of lesions and the reparative processes (1 hour)
- The neoformations (1 hours)
- The severity of lesions (1 hour)
- The morphological diagnosis (1 hour)
Practicals in the necropsy room: gross examination of organs with lesions (4 hours).
Practicals in the microscope room: microscopic study of cyto-histological slides (2 hours)
Teaching methods
- Lectures
- Practicals in the classroom
- Practicals in the necropsy room
- Practicals in the microscopy room
- Practicals in the classroom
- Practicals in the necropsy room
- Practicals in the microscopy room
Teaching Resources
Books
1. Morfopatologia Generale Veterinaria. Mandelli G. e Scanziani E., Seconda edizione, 2005, Epitesto, Milano.
2. Trattato di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria. Guarda F., Mandelli G., Biolatti B., Scanziani E,, Quarta edizione, 2013, UTET, Torino.
Other sources
All slides of the lectures and practicals are available in Ariel platform at:
http://escanzianiapv1.ariel.ctu.unimi.it/v3/home/Default.aspx
1. Morfopatologia Generale Veterinaria. Mandelli G. e Scanziani E., Seconda edizione, 2005, Epitesto, Milano.
2. Trattato di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria. Guarda F., Mandelli G., Biolatti B., Scanziani E,, Quarta edizione, 2013, UTET, Torino.
Other sources
All slides of the lectures and practicals are available in Ariel platform at:
http://escanzianiapv1.ariel.ctu.unimi.it/v3/home/Default.aspx
Histopathology and Cytopathology
Course syllabus
Lectures
-Introduction to the course. General concepts and practical information. (1h)
-The cell. Recognizing cells in cytopathology samples. (1h)
-The biopsy. Definition and types. Working on the cytology and histology samples (fixation, processing, routine and special stains). (2h)
-The pathogens and their microscopic features in lesions. (1h)
-Microscopic cyto/histologic features of adaptative mechanisms: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia. (1h)
-Degenerative processes. Intracellular (cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration, vacuolar degeneration/cellular storage, mucinous epithelial, steatosis, dystrophy) and extracellular (ialine degeneration, fibrinoid necrosis, amyloidosis). (1,5h)
-Necrosis. unprogrammed cell death and apoptosis. Causes, types of unprogrammed death (coagulative type and its variations, liquefactive type). Differential between necrosis and post-mortal autolysis.
Dystrophic and metastatic mineralization. (1,5h)
-Nonspecific inflammation. Acute and chronic (types, causes, gross and microscopic features).
Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous inflammation. (2h)
-Dermatopathology. Skin microscopic anatomy, melaninogenesis and elementary lesions. Selection of common cutaneous diseases with non-biological etiology (hereditary, nutritional, atrophic dermatosis, immune-mediated and due to physical and chemicals) and due to biological causes (viral, bacterial, mycotic and parasitic). (2h)
-Cytopathology. Evaluation and microscopic diagnosis of common lesions. (3h)
Practice
Classroom and microscopy room practice (during practice hours of the "modulo" Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria 1).
-In classroom. Recognition and description of basic cyto-histopathologic features (3h).
-In microscopy room. Microscopic evaluation and diagnosis by cytology (mostly) and histology of common lesions in various systems (2h)
Teamwork practice on homework
-Evaluation and diagnosis of microscopic pathologic pictures
-Introduction to the course. General concepts and practical information. (1h)
-The cell. Recognizing cells in cytopathology samples. (1h)
-The biopsy. Definition and types. Working on the cytology and histology samples (fixation, processing, routine and special stains). (2h)
-The pathogens and their microscopic features in lesions. (1h)
-Microscopic cyto/histologic features of adaptative mechanisms: atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia. (1h)
-Degenerative processes. Intracellular (cloudy swelling, hydropic degeneration, vacuolar degeneration/cellular storage, mucinous epithelial, steatosis, dystrophy) and extracellular (ialine degeneration, fibrinoid necrosis, amyloidosis). (1,5h)
-Necrosis. unprogrammed cell death and apoptosis. Causes, types of unprogrammed death (coagulative type and its variations, liquefactive type). Differential between necrosis and post-mortal autolysis.
Dystrophic and metastatic mineralization. (1,5h)
-Nonspecific inflammation. Acute and chronic (types, causes, gross and microscopic features).
Granulomatous and pyogranulomatous inflammation. (2h)
-Dermatopathology. Skin microscopic anatomy, melaninogenesis and elementary lesions. Selection of common cutaneous diseases with non-biological etiology (hereditary, nutritional, atrophic dermatosis, immune-mediated and due to physical and chemicals) and due to biological causes (viral, bacterial, mycotic and parasitic). (2h)
-Cytopathology. Evaluation and microscopic diagnosis of common lesions. (3h)
Practice
Classroom and microscopy room practice (during practice hours of the "modulo" Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria 1).
-In classroom. Recognition and description of basic cyto-histopathologic features (3h).
-In microscopy room. Microscopic evaluation and diagnosis by cytology (mostly) and histology of common lesions in various systems (2h)
Teamwork practice on homework
-Evaluation and diagnosis of microscopic pathologic pictures
Teaching methods
-Classroom lectures
-Classroom practice (individual or in team)
-Microscopy room practice
-Team work practice on schoolwork given during lessons or via social media. Results discussed at the beginning of the next lesson.
-Classroom practice (individual or in team)
-Microscopy room practice
-Team work practice on schoolwork given during lessons or via social media. Results discussed at the beginning of the next lesson.
Teaching Resources
-Ariel: lecture notes are stored into the account: "Istopatologia e Citopatologia". The address is: https://mcaniattiic.ariel.ctu.unimi.it/v5/home/Default.aspx. Lecture notes are made of two paired files. One file (text) is in Word and the other in Powerpoint (figures).
-During the semester, from late September to December, there is a facebook group named: "ANAPAT 1 - current year" (e.g. ANAPAT 1 - 202X) that supports the course.
-During the semester, from late September to December, there is a facebook group named: "ANAPAT 1 - current year" (e.g. ANAPAT 1 - 202X) that supports the course.
Histopathology and Cytopathology
VET/03 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY - University credits: 2
Lessons: 16 hours
Professor:
Caniatti Mario
Veterinary Anatomic Pathology I
VET/03 - VETERINARY PATHOLOGY - University credits: 3
Practicals: 16 hours
Lessons: 16 hours
Lessons: 16 hours
Professors:
Caniatti Mario, Recordati Camilla, Scanziani Eugenio
Shifts:
Professor:
Scanziani Eugenio
1 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Scanziani Eugenio10 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Recordati Camilla11 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Recordati Camilla12 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Recordati Camilla13 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Caniatti Mario14 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Caniatti Mario15 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Caniatti Mario16 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Caniatti Mario17 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Caniatti Mario18 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
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Caniatti Mario2 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Scanziani Eugenio3 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Caniatti Mario4 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Caniatti Mario5 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
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Recordati Camilla6 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Recordati Camilla7 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Recordati Camilla8 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Recordati Camilla9 TURNO PER UN GRUPPO DI STUDENTI
Professor:
Recordati CamillaEducational website(s)
Professor(s)
Reception:
Mon-Fry. Appointment needed ([email protected])
Reparto di Anatomia Patologica Veterinaria - Ospedale Veterinario Universitario, Edificio 9 - Via dell'Università 6 - 26900 Lodi