System Diseases 2
A.Y. 2023/2024
Learning objectives
The System Diseases 2 course takes the students into clinical medicine with the study of the "Blood Diseases" (Hematology) and the "Diseases of the Respiratory System" (Pneumology). Such studies will be dealt on a comprehensive basis, i.e. including Diagnostic Imaging, Pathology, Clinical Biochemistry and Microbiology, in relation to the diseases of the organ. The students will aquire knowledge on: -the basic concept of laboratory test which will be integrated with new methodologies to be translated in the near future in clinical laboratory: clinical enzymology, methodologies utilized to monitor proteins, antibodies and RNA messengers. -basic concepts related to new and high throughput technologies applied to biological fluids for markers monitoring. -the most important aspect of respiratory medicine, examining prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiological and clinical aspect of the most important lung diseases. - the analysis of the most relevant respiratory disease entities from pathogenesis to clinical features to diagnostic approach and principles of treatment. - the respiratory diseases during differential diagnosis in routine clinical practice, and perform/interpret the correct laboratory tests to exclude/confirm the diagnosis and for clinical management. -the most relevant hematological disease entities from pathogenesis to clinical features to diagnostic approach and principles of treatment. -the relevance of infectious diseases on the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies and during the various stages of cancer treatment - the imaging techniques and interpretation of radiologic studies. - the pathogenetic mechanisms, morphologic changes, evolution and complications of obstructive, restrictive diseases of the lung together with pulmonary infections and neoplastic diseases of lung and pleura.
Expected learning outcomes
Students are expected to achieve general and specific requirements: - report main diagnostics imaging modalities used to evaluate the respiratory system (X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography [CT]). - describe the normal anatomy on a chest radiograph, the normal anatomy on a chest CT and how and when to perform a contrast-enhanced or non-contrast CT and understand when ultrasound should be used in the lung. -recognize the main abnormalities on a chest radiograph and the main abnormalities on a CT of the chest related to the main respiratory diseases -describe pathogenetic mechanisms, morphologic changes, evolution and complications of respiratpry and hematologic diseases. - recognize the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approach and principles of treatment of the most relevant respiratory disease entities. - Report indications, technique and complications of image-guided pulmonary interventional procedures. - Recognize the main features of imaging of thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism and related interventional procedures - intravascular thrombolysis, vena cava filters. - describe the basic concept of laboratory test. - describe the role of bone marrow biopsy in the diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms, their ontogenetic process and the updated classification -recognize the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approach and principles of treatment of the most relevant hematologic disease entities.
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
To take the System Diseases 2 exam, students must have already passed all the exams of the first and second year (Fundamentals of Basic Sciences, Cells, Molecules and Genes 1 and 2, Human Body, Functions and Mechanisms of Diseases).
Assessment methods and Criteria
Student assessment is based on a combination of written and oral examinations. The written exam is a multiple choice test focused on the topics of the modules: Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pathology. Only students who successfully pass the written tests of all subjects (threshold 7/10) are allowed to take the oral examination, focused on the modules: Diagnostic Imaging, Respiratory Diseases and Blood Diseases.
The oral examination must be passed in the same session as the written examination. The students must undergo both written and oral examination on the same day. . Examinations on two consecutive days are seldom possible depending upon the availability of teachers or rooms. If the student does not pass successfully the oral examination, the positive result at the written test is valid only within the same session.
The final mark is the weighted average of the marks obtained in the oral examinations.
Attendance is required to be allowed to take the exam. Unexcused absence is tolerated up to 34% of the course activities. University policy regarding excused illness is followed.
Registration to the exam through SIFA is mandatory.
The oral examination must be passed in the same session as the written examination. The students must undergo both written and oral examination on the same day. . Examinations on two consecutive days are seldom possible depending upon the availability of teachers or rooms. If the student does not pass successfully the oral examination, the positive result at the written test is valid only within the same session.
The final mark is the weighted average of the marks obtained in the oral examinations.
Attendance is required to be allowed to take the exam. Unexcused absence is tolerated up to 34% of the course activities. University policy regarding excused illness is followed.
Registration to the exam through SIFA is mandatory.
Blood diseases
Course syllabus
Block 1:
Topic 1. Clinical Enzymology
Enzymes are the players of bio catalytic processes
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Define clinical enzymology
Enzymes routinely monitored
Defines isozymes
Utilized devices for enzyme monitoring in clinical laboratory
Topic 2. Diagnostic tools in clinical laboratory for disease onset and progression. Real Time PCR
Define Real Time PCR
Basic concepts: choice of primers and experimental conditions set up
Define critical parameters.
Quantitative analysis by Real Time
Advantage of Real Time PCR versus PCR
Applications of Real Time PCR in laboratory medicine
Topic 3. Diagnostic tools in clinical laboratory for disease onset and progression; test Elisa
Define Elisa test
Basic concepts: define critical parameters
Types of Elisa: direct, indirect, competitive, non competitive, sandwich etc
Limitations
Application of Elisa test in laboratory medicine
Topic 4. Iron metabolism
Define ferroproteins
Define the body iron distribution
Define Iron intake
Define the role of Epcidin
Epcidin in hypoxia and inflammation
Define the laboratory test for monitoring iron levels.
BLOCK 2:
Topic 1. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Pulmonary function tests and imaging
Understanding the relationship between structure and function, ventilation and mechanics of breathing, principles of plethysmography, bronchial hyper- responsiveness, diffusion, blood flow, ventilation-perfusion relationships, cardio- pulmonary relationships
How to perform and interpret simple spirometry, pletismography and DLCO
How to perform and interpret a 6-minute walking test
How to perform and interpret arterial blood gas analysis
Basic principles of plain chest radiography, CT, MRI, PET-CT, HRCT, and lung ultrasound
Radiological thoracic anatomy
Radiological features of common pulmonary and pleural diseases
Indications for particular imaging techniques - for instance thin-slice CT for parenchymal lung disease, mediastinal window settings for central lesions and ultrasound for pleural effusions
Principles of radiation hazards and contra-indications for CT and MRI
Indications for CT/ultrasound-guided biopsies
Topic 2. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - COPD
Definition, classification and etiology of COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema and awareness of its heterogeneity
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of COPD, including mechanisms of inflammation, structural changes and cell damage and repair
Risk factors for COPD, including tobacco smoke and anti-protease deficiency (including physiological role of alpha-1-antitrypsin and its genetic characteristics, role of other anti-protease inhibitors, liver disease in antiproteases deficiency)
Knowledge of possible differential diagnoses /co-existent disorders, including asthma, upper respiratory tract disorders, gastro-esophageal reflux, obliterative bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis.
Relevant investigations including spirometry, other relevant lung function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, peak flow monitoring, bronchodilator and broncho- provocation testing.
The use of X-Ray, CT, ultrasound, nuclear techniques and exhaled NO, serum alpha-1- antitrypsin testing, pulmonary artery catheterization
General management of COPD including relevant therapeutic measures.
General indication for oxygen supplementation including long-term oxygen therapy, non-invasive and mechanical ventilation, pulmonary rehabilitation and early discharge/hospital at home schemes.
Management of related complications, including pneumothorax, respiratory failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension and cor pulmonale, as well as systemic effects of COPD
Definition and characteristics of COPD exacerbation
Burden of smoking on health from a global perspective (health and economy)
Beneficial effects of smoking cessation in preventing lung and other disease
General overview on treatment modalities for smoking cessation
Topic 3. RESPIRATORY DISEASES: Asthma
Definition, classification (including clinical forms, phenotypes, staging and level of control) and etiology of asthma
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of asthma, including mechanisms of inflammation, structural changes involved, pathology in allergic and non-allergic asthma, relationship between pathology and asthma severity
Risk factors for asthma, including host and environment factors
Genetics of asthma
Relevant investigations including lung function testing (including bronchodilator and broncho-provocation tests, as well as peak flow monitoring), chest X-ray, CT, nuclear techniques, exhaled NO, skin allergy testing, serum allergy testing and bronchoscopy
Knowledge of possible differential diagnoses, including early childhood asthma, occupational asthma, vocal cord dysfunction, gastro-esophageal reflux, upper respiratory tract disorders and COPD
Definition and characteristics of asthma exacerbation
Describe the relationship between asthma and rhinitis
Definition, epidemiology, classification, etiology and relevant investigations of non- asthma allergic and eosinophilic lung diseases including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Churg Strauss Syndrome, acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and drug-induced disease
Topic 4. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD)
Definition, classification and etiology of DPLD (Including IPF and sarcoidosis)
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of DPLD
Basic biology and immunology of DPLD
Relevant investigations: non-invasive (chest X-ray, high resolution CT-scan, lung function tests), invasive (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), and VATS biopsy)
Pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of specific DPLD and OLD
Immunological disorders in respiratory medicine (pulmonary manifestations of collagen-vascular diseases, Hypersensitivity, Pneumonitis, Eosinophilic Pneumonia)
Topic 5. PATHOLOGY: Obstructive and Restrictive lung diseases
Definition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Risk factors, comorbidities, pathogenetic mechanisms, morphologic changes, complications, grading, and clinical correlations of COPD.
Clinicopathologic comparison of asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlapping syndromes.
Pathogenesis, classification, morphologic patterns, and clinical correlations of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs).
Topic 6. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, MICROBIOLOGY, RADIOLOGY: Respiratory infections, including pneumonia
Definition, classification and etiology of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) including pneumonias - community acquired pneumonia (CAP), nosocomial pneumonia (NCP), pneumonia in immunocompromised host
Epidemiology of respiratory infections (microbiology, age related factors, geographical issues, occupational considerations, comorbidities, immunological status)
Pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of viral (including epidemic viral), bacterial, fungal and parasitic infection
Relevant investigations: noninvasive (sputum induction, chest X-ray, fluoroscopy, CT, ultrasound), invasive (bronchoscopy, needle aspiration for microbiological sampling)
Differential diagnosis of URTI, LRTI, pneumonias of viral, bacterial, fungal and
parasitic origin including typical versus atypical pneumonia
Related complications such as lung abscess, empyema and sepsis
Criteria for hospitalization and referral to ICU in CAP
Prognosis, predictive factors for high risk of death
Prevention of respiratory infections
Effect of vaccination (e.g. against Influenza and Pneumococcus) on lung disease
Infection control in relation to preventing lung infections
Topic 7. MICROBIOLOGY: Respiratory diseases and microbial infection
Describe Pulmonary infection in immunocompromised hosts (epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, symptoms, and prognosis)
Define the epidemiology, the pathogenesis and the clinical aspects of viral infections of the respiratory system
Topic 8. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, MICROBIOLOGY: Tuberculosis (TB), Latent TB Infection (LTBI) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
Definition, classification and etiology, epidemiology and pathophysiology of TB
Transmission of mycobacteria
Risk factors for developing TB
Pathogenesis of TB (events in nonimmunised host, immunologic response to M. tuberculosis, exogenous versus endogenous infection, latent TB infection)
Immunological features of latent TB (tuberculin sensitivity, interferon gamma
release)
TB in immunocompromised host
General manifestations of TB
Clinical and radiological features of pulmonary TB
Bacteriological evaluation including molecular techniques
Prevention of TB (isolation of smear positive patients including use of negative pressure facilities, BCG vaccination, preventive treatment of persons exposed to MTB and MDR MTB)
Prognosis of pulmonary TB
National and WHO regulations in relation to TB as infectious disease
Knowledge on NTM (M. avium complex, M. Kansasii, other mycobacteria)
Epidemiology of NTM
Organ manifestations and clinical characteristics of NTM
Criteria for diagnosis of NTM-PD (pulmonary disease)
Topic 9. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Bronchiectasis (Bx) and Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Definition, classification and etiology of bronchiectasis, acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, respiratory tract stenosis and tracheobronchomalacia, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, upper respiratory tract disorders, vocal cord dysfunction, foreign body aspiration, gastro- esophageal reflux
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of bronchiectasis
Knowledge of possible differential diagnoses of Bx
Knowledge of surgical indications and referral for Bx
Relevant investigations, including X-ray, CT, nuclear techniques, exhaled NO, arterial blood gas analysis, and bronchoscopy
Management including relevant therapeutic measures and physiotherapy for Bx
Microbiology in Bx
Definition, classification and etiology of respiratory and non-respiratory manifestations of CF (including massive haemoptysis, pneumothorax, gastrointestinal disease, diabetes, problems of fertility and pregnancy and psychosocial problems)
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of CF
Relevant investigations (including microbiological investigations)
Non-invasive imaging modalities: chestX-ray, CT, MR.
Related complications such as haemoptysis, pneumothorax, respiratory failure
Chest physiotherapy techniques, nutrition and indications for lung transplantation
Types of lung transplant (single, double and heart-lung), and criteria for patient selection (age, psychological /physical/nutritional status and prognosis)
Topic 10. RESPIRATORY DISEASES: Sleep and Sleep disorders
Definition, classification and etiology of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA), central sleep apnoea syndrome (CSA), periodic breathing (PB), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), periodic limb movement disorder and parasomnias
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of OSA,CSA,PB,OHS
Epidemiology, pathophysiology and etiology of daytime hypersomnolence
Relevant investigations (including screening over-night oximetry and sleep studies (respiratory polygraphy and polysomnography))
Complications of OSA, CSA, PB, and OHS
Methods of treatment (including ventilatory support and CPAP)
Topic 11. RESPIRATORY DISEASES: Pulmonary Vascular Diseases (PVDs)
Definition, classification and etiology of PVDs
Physiology and pathophysiology of the pulmonary circulation
Physiology and pathophysiology of coagulation and thrombosis
Genetic and acquired risk factors for PVDs
Current epidemiology and relevant pathology of PVDs
Respiratory and non-respiratory clinical manifestations and complications
Relevant investigations (lab tests (D-dimer), scintigraphy, CT, MRI, pulmangiography, right heart catheterisation)
Topic 12. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Thoracic Tumours (TT)
Definition, classification and aetiology of TT: lung cancer (LC), mesothelioma (M), metastatic TT (MTT), benign intrathoracic tumours, mediastinasinal (MT), chest wall tumours, sarcoma and lymphoma (L)
Epidemiology of TT
Risk factors for LC, M and L
Clinical symptoms, syndromes and physical signs of TT including paraneoplastic syndromes
Relevant investigations: noninvasive (chest X-ray, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, CT, MR, nuclear techniques, PET-CT) and invasive (sampling methods for cytology and histology).
Tumour markers
Histological and TNM classification of TT
Prognosis (survival, functional consequences, disability)
Introduction to general management of lung cancer
Topic 13. PATHOLOGY: Lung cancer
Epidemiology, risk factors and heterogeneity of lung cancer
Pathogenesis and histogenesis of lung cancer
Classification of lung cancer
The issue of personalized therapy of lung cancer and the role of immunohistochemistry
Screening of lung cancer
Topic 14. PATHOLOGY: Pathology of the pleura
Pleural effusions
Asbestos-related diseases
Classification of pleural tumors
Staging and grading malignant pleural mesothelioma
Topic 15. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Pleural diseases
Definition, classification and etiology of pleural effusions (serothorax, chylothorax, haemothorax, empyema)
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic pleural disorders
Macroscopic appearance of pleural fluids
Distinction between transudative and exudative pleural effusions
Definition, classification and etiology of pleural thickening including pleural plaques
Definition, classification and aetiology of pneumothorax (primary and secondary)
Related complications such as tension pneumothorax
Relevant investigations: non-invasive (chest X-ray, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, CT, MR, nuclear techniques, pulmonary function tests) and invasive (thoracentesis and biopsy techniques)
Indications for surgical intervention
Topic 16. RESPIRATORY DISEASES: Acute and chronic respiratory failure (RF)
Definition, classification and etiology of acute and chronic respiratory failure (acute respiratory distress syndrome, obstructive lung disease, neuromuscular disease, chest wall diseases, other restrictive diseases)
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of RF
Relevant investigations: non-invasive (chest x-ray, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, CT, nuclear techniques, pulmonary function tests) and invasive (bronchoscopy)
Relevant therapeutic measures such as systemic/inhaled drug therapy, oxygen
therapy, ventilatory support, cardio pulmonary resuscitation, endobronchial therapy, intercostal tube drainage, treatment of sepsis and multi-organ failure)
Case studies
COPD
BRONCHIESTASIS
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
ASTHMA
ILD
PNEUMONIA
RESPIRATORY FAILURE
SLEEP DISORDERS
BLOCK 3
Topic 1. HEMATOLOGY: Introduction to the course
Overview of the branches of hematology and lectures
General introduction to the blood as a tissue: components and function
Interpreting a complete blood count
Define differences between bone marrow aspirate and biopsy
Topic 2. HEMATOLOGY: Overview of hemostasis and thrombosis
Overview of the pathways involved in hemostasis and their regulation
Describe and interpret coagulation laboratory tests
Who to test and when
Topic 3. HEMATOLOGY: Bleeding syndromes
Describe the main disorders of primary hemostasis (Platelet function disorders, von Willebrand disease)
Describe the main disorders of secondary hemostasis (Hemophilia A and B)
Rare factor deficiencies and disorders of fibrinolysis
Topic 4. HEMATOLOGY: Thrombotic disorders and thrombotic microangiopathies
Describe thrombophilic disorders (factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutations, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin deficiency, antiphospholipid antibodies, factor VIII elevation)
Outline and characterize antithrombotic drugs (Antiplatelet agents, Anticoagulants, Thrombolytic agents)
Illustrate venous thromboembolism (superficial thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism)
Illustrate arterial thromboembolism
Topic 5. RADIOLOGY: Imaging of thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism and related interventional procedures - intravascular thrombolysis, vena cava filters
Topic 6. HEMATOLOGY: Principles of erythropoiesis and hypo-regenerative anemias
Illustrate the clinico-pathological assessment of the anemic patient
Gain insight into classifications of anemias and their meanings
Describe iron-deficiency, vit. B12 and folate deficiency, organ dysfunction and anemias of chronic disorders: clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management
Topic 7. HEMATOLOGY: Hemoglobinopathies, red cell enzymopathies and membrane disorders
Principles of diagnosis of hemolytic anemias
Explain thalassemias and sickle cell anemia: genetics, different clinical pictures, management, complications
Describe the main abnormalities of RBC membrane
Describe the main abnormalities of RBC enzymes
Topic 8. HEMATOLOGY: Hemolitic anemias and transfusional medicine
Describe immune hemolytic anemias
Clinical features of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purprura
Get awareness in RBC transfusion facts
Get awareness in platelet transfusion facts
Get awareness in transfusion of plasma products
Understand and illustrate transfusional risks
Topic 9. HEMATOLOGY: Ph-negative and Ph+ myeloproliferative syndromes
Describe the clinical and molecular features of Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocytemia and Primary Myelofibrosis
Illustrate chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1-positive: the most widely studied oncology model first leading to development of target therapy
Approach to the patient
Topic 10. HEMATOLOGY: Acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias
Definition and epidemiology
Clinical manifestations
Diagnosis and classification
Prognostic factors, principles of treatment, monitoring residual disease
Focus on acute promyelocytic leukemia
Topic 11. HEMATOLOGY: Myelodysplastic and bone marrow failure syndromes
Definition and classification of MDS
Clinical presentation and diagnosis of MDS
Prognostic scores of MDS
Principles of treatment of MDS
Overview congenital bone marrow failure syndromes (Fanconi's, Diamond- Blackfan's, CDAs, Dyskeratosis congenita)
Illustrate appropriate comprehension of the most important acquired bone marrow failure conditions (Aplastic anemia, PNH)
Topic 12. HEMATOLOGY: Plasma cell disorders
Define monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance (MGUS)
Illustrate pathological, clinical and prognostic facts of multiple myeloma (MM) and solitary plasmacytoma
Differential diagnosis between MGUS, smoldering MM and MM
Principles of MM treatment
Describe Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)
Describe amyloidosis (AL)
Topic 13. MICROBIOLOGY: Microbes and hematologic diseases
Relation between microbes and the hematologic system
Acute and chronic infections oh the hematologic system (epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and clinical aspects)
Topic 14 - PATHOLOGY: Lymphoid neoplasms I part
Describe the ontogenetic process of B-cell and T-cell maturation.
Define risk factors, pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical presentation of lymphoid neoplasm.
Describe the classification criteria and their evolution during the time.
Define the role of morphology, immunophenotype, molecular alterations and clinical features in the definition of the most important specific entities.
Distinguish non-Hodgkin lymphomas from Hodgkin disease.
Topic 15 - PATHOLOGY: Lymphoid neoplasms II part
Updated WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms
Precursor B and T-cell neoplasms
Mature B and T-cell neoplasms
Hodgkin lymphoma
Topic 16. HEMATOLOGY: Clinical assessment of splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy
Describe the clinical and diagnostic assessment of patient with lymphadenopathy
Describe the clinical and diagnostic assessment of patient with splenomegaly
Topic 17. HEMATOLOGY: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Clinical features and principles of diagnosis
Overview of the main non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes with implications for treatment
Principles of treatment of indolent and aggressive lymphomas
Distinctive features of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Clinical presentation, diagnosis and classification of Hodgkin's lymphoma
Prognosis and principles of treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma
Topic 18. HEMATOLOGY: Immunotherapy in hematological malignancies
Biological rationale and approved immunotherapies in hematological malignancies
Principles of T-cell receptor engineering and types of CAR-T cells available for hematological malignancies
Antibody-based treatments: Bi-specific antibodies, BiTEs, drug-conjugates antibodies
Impact on survival, side effects and principles of their management
Topic 19. HEMATOLOGY: Chronic lymphoid leukemia
Clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and prognostic workup
Principles of assessment of clonality in a cell population
Differential diagnosis with small lymphocytic lymphoma and other small cell lymphomas
Topic 20. MICROBIOLOGY: Infections in the pathogenesis of hematological neoplasms
Etiological agents of hematological neoplasms
Description of the main disease entities and their pathogenesis
Diagnosis of infections associated with hematological neoplasms
Principles of treatment
Topic 21. RADIOLOGY: PET in the staging and restaging of lymphomas
Topic 22. HEMATOLOGY: Types and indications to bone marrow transplantation
Illustrate indications and principles of stem cell transplantation (autologous and allogeneic)
Describe collection and processing of stem cells (bone marrow, peripheral blood, cord blood)
Understand conditioning treatments
Gain knowledge on Post-transplant engraftment and immunity
Outline early and late complications (GvHD, infections, others)
Understand graft-versus-leukemia/lymphoma effect and donor lymphocyte infusions
Topic 23. MICROBIOLOGY: Infections in the immunocompromised host
Main pathogens in various clinical settings: neutropenia, immunosuppressive therapy, bone marrow transplant
Acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised host (epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and clinical aspects)
Fever in the immunocompromised host
Principles of antimicrobial treatment
Topic 24. PATHOLOGY: Lymphoid neoplasms III part
Describe the organization of the bone marrow in physiologic conditions and their evolution during time
Describe the diagnostic criteria and morphologic changes of the bone marrow in myeloproliferative changes
Describe the diagnostic criteria and morphologic changes of the bone marrow in myelodysplastic syndromes
Define the role of bone marrow biopsy in acute myeloid leukemia and in the diagnosis and staging of lymphoproliferative disorders
Topic 25. HEMATOLOGY: Normal hemopoeisis and bone marrow microenvironment, including laboratory techniques in hematology
Describe the morphology of hematopoietic precursor cells
Describe the examination of bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood smears
Principles and applications of immunohistochemistry
Describe the basics of flow cytometry
Define cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
Illustrate the basic aspects of molecular diagnostics in hematology
Topic 26. HEMATOLOGY: From theory to practice
Practical approach to the patient with abnormal blood cell counts
Topic 27. HEMATOLOGY: From theory to practice: approach to hematological emergencies
Rate severity and manage neutropenia and neutropenic fever
Diagnosis and emergency assessment of spinal cord compression
Early deaths in acute promyelocytic leukemia: recognize and treat DIC and ATRA syndrome
Topic 28. HEMATOLOGY: From theory to practice
Case vignettes
Anemia
Hematological neoplasms
Topic 1. Clinical Enzymology
Enzymes are the players of bio catalytic processes
Factors affecting enzyme activity
Define clinical enzymology
Enzymes routinely monitored
Defines isozymes
Utilized devices for enzyme monitoring in clinical laboratory
Topic 2. Diagnostic tools in clinical laboratory for disease onset and progression. Real Time PCR
Define Real Time PCR
Basic concepts: choice of primers and experimental conditions set up
Define critical parameters.
Quantitative analysis by Real Time
Advantage of Real Time PCR versus PCR
Applications of Real Time PCR in laboratory medicine
Topic 3. Diagnostic tools in clinical laboratory for disease onset and progression; test Elisa
Define Elisa test
Basic concepts: define critical parameters
Types of Elisa: direct, indirect, competitive, non competitive, sandwich etc
Limitations
Application of Elisa test in laboratory medicine
Topic 4. Iron metabolism
Define ferroproteins
Define the body iron distribution
Define Iron intake
Define the role of Epcidin
Epcidin in hypoxia and inflammation
Define the laboratory test for monitoring iron levels.
BLOCK 2:
Topic 1. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Pulmonary function tests and imaging
Understanding the relationship between structure and function, ventilation and mechanics of breathing, principles of plethysmography, bronchial hyper- responsiveness, diffusion, blood flow, ventilation-perfusion relationships, cardio- pulmonary relationships
How to perform and interpret simple spirometry, pletismography and DLCO
How to perform and interpret a 6-minute walking test
How to perform and interpret arterial blood gas analysis
Basic principles of plain chest radiography, CT, MRI, PET-CT, HRCT, and lung ultrasound
Radiological thoracic anatomy
Radiological features of common pulmonary and pleural diseases
Indications for particular imaging techniques - for instance thin-slice CT for parenchymal lung disease, mediastinal window settings for central lesions and ultrasound for pleural effusions
Principles of radiation hazards and contra-indications for CT and MRI
Indications for CT/ultrasound-guided biopsies
Topic 2. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - COPD
Definition, classification and etiology of COPD, chronic bronchitis and emphysema and awareness of its heterogeneity
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of COPD, including mechanisms of inflammation, structural changes and cell damage and repair
Risk factors for COPD, including tobacco smoke and anti-protease deficiency (including physiological role of alpha-1-antitrypsin and its genetic characteristics, role of other anti-protease inhibitors, liver disease in antiproteases deficiency)
Knowledge of possible differential diagnoses /co-existent disorders, including asthma, upper respiratory tract disorders, gastro-esophageal reflux, obliterative bronchiolitis, bronchiectasis.
Relevant investigations including spirometry, other relevant lung function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, peak flow monitoring, bronchodilator and broncho- provocation testing.
The use of X-Ray, CT, ultrasound, nuclear techniques and exhaled NO, serum alpha-1- antitrypsin testing, pulmonary artery catheterization
General management of COPD including relevant therapeutic measures.
General indication for oxygen supplementation including long-term oxygen therapy, non-invasive and mechanical ventilation, pulmonary rehabilitation and early discharge/hospital at home schemes.
Management of related complications, including pneumothorax, respiratory failure, pulmonary arterial hypertension and cor pulmonale, as well as systemic effects of COPD
Definition and characteristics of COPD exacerbation
Burden of smoking on health from a global perspective (health and economy)
Beneficial effects of smoking cessation in preventing lung and other disease
General overview on treatment modalities for smoking cessation
Topic 3. RESPIRATORY DISEASES: Asthma
Definition, classification (including clinical forms, phenotypes, staging and level of control) and etiology of asthma
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of asthma, including mechanisms of inflammation, structural changes involved, pathology in allergic and non-allergic asthma, relationship between pathology and asthma severity
Risk factors for asthma, including host and environment factors
Genetics of asthma
Relevant investigations including lung function testing (including bronchodilator and broncho-provocation tests, as well as peak flow monitoring), chest X-ray, CT, nuclear techniques, exhaled NO, skin allergy testing, serum allergy testing and bronchoscopy
Knowledge of possible differential diagnoses, including early childhood asthma, occupational asthma, vocal cord dysfunction, gastro-esophageal reflux, upper respiratory tract disorders and COPD
Definition and characteristics of asthma exacerbation
Describe the relationship between asthma and rhinitis
Definition, epidemiology, classification, etiology and relevant investigations of non- asthma allergic and eosinophilic lung diseases including hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Churg Strauss Syndrome, acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and drug-induced disease
Topic 4. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD)
Definition, classification and etiology of DPLD (Including IPF and sarcoidosis)
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of DPLD
Basic biology and immunology of DPLD
Relevant investigations: non-invasive (chest X-ray, high resolution CT-scan, lung function tests), invasive (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB), and VATS biopsy)
Pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations of specific DPLD and OLD
Immunological disorders in respiratory medicine (pulmonary manifestations of collagen-vascular diseases, Hypersensitivity, Pneumonitis, Eosinophilic Pneumonia)
Topic 5. PATHOLOGY: Obstructive and Restrictive lung diseases
Definition of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
Risk factors, comorbidities, pathogenetic mechanisms, morphologic changes, complications, grading, and clinical correlations of COPD.
Clinicopathologic comparison of asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlapping syndromes.
Pathogenesis, classification, morphologic patterns, and clinical correlations of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs).
Topic 6. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, MICROBIOLOGY, RADIOLOGY: Respiratory infections, including pneumonia
Definition, classification and etiology of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) including pneumonias - community acquired pneumonia (CAP), nosocomial pneumonia (NCP), pneumonia in immunocompromised host
Epidemiology of respiratory infections (microbiology, age related factors, geographical issues, occupational considerations, comorbidities, immunological status)
Pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of viral (including epidemic viral), bacterial, fungal and parasitic infection
Relevant investigations: noninvasive (sputum induction, chest X-ray, fluoroscopy, CT, ultrasound), invasive (bronchoscopy, needle aspiration for microbiological sampling)
Differential diagnosis of URTI, LRTI, pneumonias of viral, bacterial, fungal and
parasitic origin including typical versus atypical pneumonia
Related complications such as lung abscess, empyema and sepsis
Criteria for hospitalization and referral to ICU in CAP
Prognosis, predictive factors for high risk of death
Prevention of respiratory infections
Effect of vaccination (e.g. against Influenza and Pneumococcus) on lung disease
Infection control in relation to preventing lung infections
Topic 7. MICROBIOLOGY: Respiratory diseases and microbial infection
Describe Pulmonary infection in immunocompromised hosts (epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, symptoms, and prognosis)
Define the epidemiology, the pathogenesis and the clinical aspects of viral infections of the respiratory system
Topic 8. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, MICROBIOLOGY: Tuberculosis (TB), Latent TB Infection (LTBI) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
Definition, classification and etiology, epidemiology and pathophysiology of TB
Transmission of mycobacteria
Risk factors for developing TB
Pathogenesis of TB (events in nonimmunised host, immunologic response to M. tuberculosis, exogenous versus endogenous infection, latent TB infection)
Immunological features of latent TB (tuberculin sensitivity, interferon gamma
release)
TB in immunocompromised host
General manifestations of TB
Clinical and radiological features of pulmonary TB
Bacteriological evaluation including molecular techniques
Prevention of TB (isolation of smear positive patients including use of negative pressure facilities, BCG vaccination, preventive treatment of persons exposed to MTB and MDR MTB)
Prognosis of pulmonary TB
National and WHO regulations in relation to TB as infectious disease
Knowledge on NTM (M. avium complex, M. Kansasii, other mycobacteria)
Epidemiology of NTM
Organ manifestations and clinical characteristics of NTM
Criteria for diagnosis of NTM-PD (pulmonary disease)
Topic 9. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Bronchiectasis (Bx) and Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Definition, classification and etiology of bronchiectasis, acute and chronic bronchitis, bronchiolitis, respiratory tract stenosis and tracheobronchomalacia, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, upper respiratory tract disorders, vocal cord dysfunction, foreign body aspiration, gastro- esophageal reflux
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of bronchiectasis
Knowledge of possible differential diagnoses of Bx
Knowledge of surgical indications and referral for Bx
Relevant investigations, including X-ray, CT, nuclear techniques, exhaled NO, arterial blood gas analysis, and bronchoscopy
Management including relevant therapeutic measures and physiotherapy for Bx
Microbiology in Bx
Definition, classification and etiology of respiratory and non-respiratory manifestations of CF (including massive haemoptysis, pneumothorax, gastrointestinal disease, diabetes, problems of fertility and pregnancy and psychosocial problems)
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of CF
Relevant investigations (including microbiological investigations)
Non-invasive imaging modalities: chestX-ray, CT, MR.
Related complications such as haemoptysis, pneumothorax, respiratory failure
Chest physiotherapy techniques, nutrition and indications for lung transplantation
Types of lung transplant (single, double and heart-lung), and criteria for patient selection (age, psychological /physical/nutritional status and prognosis)
Topic 10. RESPIRATORY DISEASES: Sleep and Sleep disorders
Definition, classification and etiology of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA), central sleep apnoea syndrome (CSA), periodic breathing (PB), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), periodic limb movement disorder and parasomnias
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of OSA,CSA,PB,OHS
Epidemiology, pathophysiology and etiology of daytime hypersomnolence
Relevant investigations (including screening over-night oximetry and sleep studies (respiratory polygraphy and polysomnography))
Complications of OSA, CSA, PB, and OHS
Methods of treatment (including ventilatory support and CPAP)
Topic 11. RESPIRATORY DISEASES: Pulmonary Vascular Diseases (PVDs)
Definition, classification and etiology of PVDs
Physiology and pathophysiology of the pulmonary circulation
Physiology and pathophysiology of coagulation and thrombosis
Genetic and acquired risk factors for PVDs
Current epidemiology and relevant pathology of PVDs
Respiratory and non-respiratory clinical manifestations and complications
Relevant investigations (lab tests (D-dimer), scintigraphy, CT, MRI, pulmangiography, right heart catheterisation)
Topic 12. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Thoracic Tumours (TT)
Definition, classification and aetiology of TT: lung cancer (LC), mesothelioma (M), metastatic TT (MTT), benign intrathoracic tumours, mediastinasinal (MT), chest wall tumours, sarcoma and lymphoma (L)
Epidemiology of TT
Risk factors for LC, M and L
Clinical symptoms, syndromes and physical signs of TT including paraneoplastic syndromes
Relevant investigations: noninvasive (chest X-ray, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, CT, MR, nuclear techniques, PET-CT) and invasive (sampling methods for cytology and histology).
Tumour markers
Histological and TNM classification of TT
Prognosis (survival, functional consequences, disability)
Introduction to general management of lung cancer
Topic 13. PATHOLOGY: Lung cancer
Epidemiology, risk factors and heterogeneity of lung cancer
Pathogenesis and histogenesis of lung cancer
Classification of lung cancer
The issue of personalized therapy of lung cancer and the role of immunohistochemistry
Screening of lung cancer
Topic 14. PATHOLOGY: Pathology of the pleura
Pleural effusions
Asbestos-related diseases
Classification of pleural tumors
Staging and grading malignant pleural mesothelioma
Topic 15. RESPIRATORY DISEASES, RADIOLOGY: Pleural diseases
Definition, classification and etiology of pleural effusions (serothorax, chylothorax, haemothorax, empyema)
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic pleural disorders
Macroscopic appearance of pleural fluids
Distinction between transudative and exudative pleural effusions
Definition, classification and etiology of pleural thickening including pleural plaques
Definition, classification and aetiology of pneumothorax (primary and secondary)
Related complications such as tension pneumothorax
Relevant investigations: non-invasive (chest X-ray, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, CT, MR, nuclear techniques, pulmonary function tests) and invasive (thoracentesis and biopsy techniques)
Indications for surgical intervention
Topic 16. RESPIRATORY DISEASES: Acute and chronic respiratory failure (RF)
Definition, classification and etiology of acute and chronic respiratory failure (acute respiratory distress syndrome, obstructive lung disease, neuromuscular disease, chest wall diseases, other restrictive diseases)
Epidemiology and pathophysiology of RF
Relevant investigations: non-invasive (chest x-ray, ultrasound, fluoroscopy, CT, nuclear techniques, pulmonary function tests) and invasive (bronchoscopy)
Relevant therapeutic measures such as systemic/inhaled drug therapy, oxygen
therapy, ventilatory support, cardio pulmonary resuscitation, endobronchial therapy, intercostal tube drainage, treatment of sepsis and multi-organ failure)
Case studies
COPD
BRONCHIESTASIS
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
ASTHMA
ILD
PNEUMONIA
RESPIRATORY FAILURE
SLEEP DISORDERS
BLOCK 3
Topic 1. HEMATOLOGY: Introduction to the course
Overview of the branches of hematology and lectures
General introduction to the blood as a tissue: components and function
Interpreting a complete blood count
Define differences between bone marrow aspirate and biopsy
Topic 2. HEMATOLOGY: Overview of hemostasis and thrombosis
Overview of the pathways involved in hemostasis and their regulation
Describe and interpret coagulation laboratory tests
Who to test and when
Topic 3. HEMATOLOGY: Bleeding syndromes
Describe the main disorders of primary hemostasis (Platelet function disorders, von Willebrand disease)
Describe the main disorders of secondary hemostasis (Hemophilia A and B)
Rare factor deficiencies and disorders of fibrinolysis
Topic 4. HEMATOLOGY: Thrombotic disorders and thrombotic microangiopathies
Describe thrombophilic disorders (factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutations, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin deficiency, antiphospholipid antibodies, factor VIII elevation)
Outline and characterize antithrombotic drugs (Antiplatelet agents, Anticoagulants, Thrombolytic agents)
Illustrate venous thromboembolism (superficial thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism)
Illustrate arterial thromboembolism
Topic 5. RADIOLOGY: Imaging of thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism and related interventional procedures - intravascular thrombolysis, vena cava filters
Topic 6. HEMATOLOGY: Principles of erythropoiesis and hypo-regenerative anemias
Illustrate the clinico-pathological assessment of the anemic patient
Gain insight into classifications of anemias and their meanings
Describe iron-deficiency, vit. B12 and folate deficiency, organ dysfunction and anemias of chronic disorders: clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management
Topic 7. HEMATOLOGY: Hemoglobinopathies, red cell enzymopathies and membrane disorders
Principles of diagnosis of hemolytic anemias
Explain thalassemias and sickle cell anemia: genetics, different clinical pictures, management, complications
Describe the main abnormalities of RBC membrane
Describe the main abnormalities of RBC enzymes
Topic 8. HEMATOLOGY: Hemolitic anemias and transfusional medicine
Describe immune hemolytic anemias
Clinical features of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purprura
Get awareness in RBC transfusion facts
Get awareness in platelet transfusion facts
Get awareness in transfusion of plasma products
Understand and illustrate transfusional risks
Topic 9. HEMATOLOGY: Ph-negative and Ph+ myeloproliferative syndromes
Describe the clinical and molecular features of Polycythemia Vera, Essential Thrombocytemia and Primary Myelofibrosis
Illustrate chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1-positive: the most widely studied oncology model first leading to development of target therapy
Approach to the patient
Topic 10. HEMATOLOGY: Acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias
Definition and epidemiology
Clinical manifestations
Diagnosis and classification
Prognostic factors, principles of treatment, monitoring residual disease
Focus on acute promyelocytic leukemia
Topic 11. HEMATOLOGY: Myelodysplastic and bone marrow failure syndromes
Definition and classification of MDS
Clinical presentation and diagnosis of MDS
Prognostic scores of MDS
Principles of treatment of MDS
Overview congenital bone marrow failure syndromes (Fanconi's, Diamond- Blackfan's, CDAs, Dyskeratosis congenita)
Illustrate appropriate comprehension of the most important acquired bone marrow failure conditions (Aplastic anemia, PNH)
Topic 12. HEMATOLOGY: Plasma cell disorders
Define monoclonal gammopathy of undermined significance (MGUS)
Illustrate pathological, clinical and prognostic facts of multiple myeloma (MM) and solitary plasmacytoma
Differential diagnosis between MGUS, smoldering MM and MM
Principles of MM treatment
Describe Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM)
Describe amyloidosis (AL)
Topic 13. MICROBIOLOGY: Microbes and hematologic diseases
Relation between microbes and the hematologic system
Acute and chronic infections oh the hematologic system (epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and clinical aspects)
Topic 14 - PATHOLOGY: Lymphoid neoplasms I part
Describe the ontogenetic process of B-cell and T-cell maturation.
Define risk factors, pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical presentation of lymphoid neoplasm.
Describe the classification criteria and their evolution during the time.
Define the role of morphology, immunophenotype, molecular alterations and clinical features in the definition of the most important specific entities.
Distinguish non-Hodgkin lymphomas from Hodgkin disease.
Topic 15 - PATHOLOGY: Lymphoid neoplasms II part
Updated WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms
Precursor B and T-cell neoplasms
Mature B and T-cell neoplasms
Hodgkin lymphoma
Topic 16. HEMATOLOGY: Clinical assessment of splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy
Describe the clinical and diagnostic assessment of patient with lymphadenopathy
Describe the clinical and diagnostic assessment of patient with splenomegaly
Topic 17. HEMATOLOGY: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
Clinical features and principles of diagnosis
Overview of the main non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes with implications for treatment
Principles of treatment of indolent and aggressive lymphomas
Distinctive features of Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Clinical presentation, diagnosis and classification of Hodgkin's lymphoma
Prognosis and principles of treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma
Topic 18. HEMATOLOGY: Immunotherapy in hematological malignancies
Biological rationale and approved immunotherapies in hematological malignancies
Principles of T-cell receptor engineering and types of CAR-T cells available for hematological malignancies
Antibody-based treatments: Bi-specific antibodies, BiTEs, drug-conjugates antibodies
Impact on survival, side effects and principles of their management
Topic 19. HEMATOLOGY: Chronic lymphoid leukemia
Clinical presentation, diagnostic approach and prognostic workup
Principles of assessment of clonality in a cell population
Differential diagnosis with small lymphocytic lymphoma and other small cell lymphomas
Topic 20. MICROBIOLOGY: Infections in the pathogenesis of hematological neoplasms
Etiological agents of hematological neoplasms
Description of the main disease entities and their pathogenesis
Diagnosis of infections associated with hematological neoplasms
Principles of treatment
Topic 21. RADIOLOGY: PET in the staging and restaging of lymphomas
Topic 22. HEMATOLOGY: Types and indications to bone marrow transplantation
Illustrate indications and principles of stem cell transplantation (autologous and allogeneic)
Describe collection and processing of stem cells (bone marrow, peripheral blood, cord blood)
Understand conditioning treatments
Gain knowledge on Post-transplant engraftment and immunity
Outline early and late complications (GvHD, infections, others)
Understand graft-versus-leukemia/lymphoma effect and donor lymphocyte infusions
Topic 23. MICROBIOLOGY: Infections in the immunocompromised host
Main pathogens in various clinical settings: neutropenia, immunosuppressive therapy, bone marrow transplant
Acute and chronic infections in immunocompromised host (epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and clinical aspects)
Fever in the immunocompromised host
Principles of antimicrobial treatment
Topic 24. PATHOLOGY: Lymphoid neoplasms III part
Describe the organization of the bone marrow in physiologic conditions and their evolution during time
Describe the diagnostic criteria and morphologic changes of the bone marrow in myeloproliferative changes
Describe the diagnostic criteria and morphologic changes of the bone marrow in myelodysplastic syndromes
Define the role of bone marrow biopsy in acute myeloid leukemia and in the diagnosis and staging of lymphoproliferative disorders
Topic 25. HEMATOLOGY: Normal hemopoeisis and bone marrow microenvironment, including laboratory techniques in hematology
Describe the morphology of hematopoietic precursor cells
Describe the examination of bone marrow aspirate and peripheral blood smears
Principles and applications of immunohistochemistry
Describe the basics of flow cytometry
Define cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)
Illustrate the basic aspects of molecular diagnostics in hematology
Topic 26. HEMATOLOGY: From theory to practice
Practical approach to the patient with abnormal blood cell counts
Topic 27. HEMATOLOGY: From theory to practice: approach to hematological emergencies
Rate severity and manage neutropenia and neutropenic fever
Diagnosis and emergency assessment of spinal cord compression
Early deaths in acute promyelocytic leukemia: recognize and treat DIC and ATRA syndrome
Topic 28. HEMATOLOGY: From theory to practice
Case vignettes
Anemia
Hematological neoplasms
Teaching methods
Synchronous learning: lectures, Clinical cases, Seminars, Grand Rounds, Case studies and Laboratory skills.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Teaching Resources
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2018 (also available as ebook in the digital library of the University of Milano http://www.sba.unimi.it/).
Hematology Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Tura, Cavo, Zinzani. Società Editrice Esculapio 2018
Teaching material from the individual lectures
Website: www.uptodate.com
Hematology Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Tura, Cavo, Zinzani. Società Editrice Esculapio 2018
Teaching material from the individual lectures
Website: www.uptodate.com
Respiratory diseases
Course syllabus
The course is based on a strong integration of different disciplines, thus the program of the single disciplines must be considered embedded in the program of the whole course which is reported in module Blood Diseases.
Teaching methods
Synchronous learning: lectures, Clinical cases, Seminars, Grand Rounds, Case studies and Laboratory skills.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Teaching Resources
Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 20th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2018 (also available as ebook in the digital library of the University of Milano http://www.sba.unimi.it/)
Pathology
Course syllabus
The course is based on a strong integration of different disciplines, thus the program of the single disciplines must be considered embedded in the program of the whole course which is reported in module Blood Diseases.
Teaching methods
Synchronous learning: lectures, Clinical cases, Seminars, Grand Rounds, Case studies and Laboratory skills.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Teaching Resources
Robbins and Cotran. Pathologic Basis Of Disease (9th Edition)
Radiology
Course syllabus
The course is based on a strong integration of different disciplines, thus the program of the single disciplines must be considered embedded in the program of the whole course which is reported in module Blood Diseases.
Teaching methods
Synchronous learning: lectures, Clinical cases, Seminars, Grand Rounds, Case studies and Laboratory skills.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Teaching Resources
Essential of Radiology. F. A. Mettler. 3rd Edition. Elsevier Saunders (ebook)
Core Radiology. J. Mandell. Cambrige University Press. (ebook)
Core Radiology. J. Mandell. Cambrige University Press. (ebook)
Microbiology
Course syllabus
The course is based on a strong integration of different disciplines, thus the program of the single disciplines must be considered embedded in the program of the whole course which is reported in module Blood Diseases.
Teaching methods
Synchronous learning: lectures, Clinical cases, Seminars, Grand Rounds, Case studies and Laboratory skills.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Teaching Resources
Medical Microbiology, 8th edition. P. Murray, K Rosenthal, A. Pfaller Elsevier
Clinical biochemistry
Course syllabus
The course is based on a strong integration of different disciplines, thus the program of the single disciplines must be considered embedded in the program of the whole course which is reported in module Blood Diseases.
Teaching methods
Synchronous learning: lectures, Clinical cases, Seminars, Grand Rounds, Case studies and Laboratory skills.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Asynchronous learning: audio-video based (pre-recorded, multimedia platforms); text-based (e-mail, electronic documents, discussion boards, blogs); mixed (virtual libraries, social networks)
All teaching materials (files of the teaching presentations and/or recorded lectures) will be made available on a specific Ariel platform.
Teaching Resources
Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Burtis & Bruns, 7th Edition, Elsevier
Blood diseases
MED/15 - BLOOD DISEASES - University credits: 4
Lessons: 32 hours
: 16 hours
: 16 hours
Clinical biochemistry
BIO/12 - CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 8 hours
: 4 hours
: 4 hours
Professor:
Gelfi Cecilia
Microbiology
MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 8 hours
: 4 hours
: 4 hours
Professor:
Alteri Claudia
Pathology
MED/08 - PATHOLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 8 hours
: 4 hours
: 4 hours
Professors:
Fusco Nicola, Guerini Rocco Elena
Radiology
MED/36 - IMAGING AND RADIOTHERAPY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 8 hours
: 4 hours
: 4 hours
Professors:
Del Sole Angelo Silvestro, Sconfienza Luca Maria
Respiratory diseases
MED/10 - RESPIRATORY DISEASES - University credits: 4
Lessons: 32 hours
: 16 hours
: 16 hours
Educational website(s)
Professor(s)
Reception:
Available on Teams and in presence, day and time to be agreed upon via e-mail
Teams or in presence
Reception:
Please request an appointment via e-mail
Reception:
to be agreed by email
Reception:
Monday 10am-13pm
LITA Segrate
Reception:
To be arranged by e-mail
Hematology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Via Castelfidardo n.15, 20121 Milano
Reception:
send me an email to meet me
Reception:
Upon email contact
IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio, floor 0