Basic Sciences Preparatory to Veterinary Medicine

- The Scientific method and the measurement of physical quantities in the international system
- Kinematics
- Dynamics
- Static
- Thermodynamics
- Fluid static and dynamics
- Electricity and magnetism
- Electromagnetic waves and their application in medicine
- X Rays production

Lectures (2 credits):
Atomic structure. Periodic table. Chemical bonds. Molecular Geometry (2 h)
Stoichiometry (2 HOURS)
Acids and bases (3 HOURS)
The structure of the atom. Periodic table. Chemical bonds.Molecular geometry. (2 HOURS)
Stoichiometry (2 HOURS)
Acids and Bases: pH (2 HOURS)
Hydrolysis. Buffers (2 HOURS)
Thermodinamics (1 HOUR)
Electrochemistry (1 HOUR)
Colligative properties (1 HOUR)
Hydrocarbons. Stereochemistry (2 HOURS)
Main functional groups (2 HOURS)
Main reaction mechanisms (1 HOUR)

Practice (1 CFU):
Inorganic nomenclature (2 HOURS)
Stoichiometry exercises (3 HOURS)
pH calculations (4 HOURS)
Calculation examples on thermodinamics, electrochemistry and osmosis (3 HOURS)
Organic nomenclature (2 HOURS)
Exercises on stereochemistry (2 HOURS)

1. Theoretical Classes
· Introduction to the subject: the importance of biostatistics in Veterinary Medicine. Descriptive and inferential statistics. Samples and populations. Types of variables: qualitative, quantitative. Accuracy, accuracy and distortion (2 hrs)
· Descriptive statistics. Absolute, relative and cumulative frequency tables. Diagrams and histograms. Percentiles and Quantiles.Box-plot. Arithmetic and geometric mean, median, mode, interquartile difference. Range of variation, deviance, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (3 hrs)
· Probability. Sample distributions. Basic rules of probability. Analysis of proportions: binomial distribution. Estimating proportions: confidence interval and standard error of a proportion. The Poisson distribution (2 hrs).
Normal distribution. Normalized standard distribution. The central limit theorem. The sampling distribution of an estimate: the standard error. The confidence interval (3 hrs).
Verifying hypotheses. Null hypothesis and alternative statistical significance and P-value. Check hypothesis and confidence intervals. Error types I and II (2 hrs)
· Inference to a population with normal distribution: distribution, assumption, and properties. The t test for a sample. The t test for comparison between two means. Paired and independent data (2 hrs)
· The comparison between the means of several groups: analysis of variance. The F-distribution (3 hrs)
· Relationship between variables: covariance. Correlation and linear regression. Regression anlysis (4 hrs).
The chi-square test- The chi-square distribution. The 2x2 contingency table. Odds ratio (3 hrs)
· Introduction to information science: Information concept, algorithm, coding and language. The encoding of information, data, letters and images. Decimal, hexadecimal, binary numeration. Text encoding: ASCII and UNICODE format. Image formats: bitmap graphics and vector graphics (1 hrs)
· Use of spreadsheets: operators, absolute and relative references, biological data management, formulas and tools for statistical analysis of data (3 hrs)
Data bases: CAB Abstracts, PUBMed, OPAC. Biological databases (4 hrs)

2. Practical classes (Computer Classroom):
· Using Spreadsheets: Importing Data and Formats. Working with tables and charts. Construction of tables and graphs appropriate for the analysis of different types of variables: paddle and overlapping bars diagrams, pie charts; maps; Dispersion diagrams, histograms, Sturges rule, percentiles and quantiles, cumulative frequency distributions (5hrs)
· Statistical analysis of data using Excel (4 hrs)
· Use of analytical tools to create summary tables (3 hrs).
· Database searches (3 hrs)