Analytical Chemistry
A.Y. 2022/2023
Learning objectives
The learning objectives of the analytical chemistry course are: acquisition of the basic knowledge of classical and instrumental analytical techniques; acquisition of critical capacity in assessing the accuracy and precision of experimental data using statistical methods; acquisition of the ability to solve analytical problems related to complex equilibria in solution and quantitative analysis of compounds.
Expected learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of analytical chemistry course are: the knowledge of the procedures for the elaboration and evaluation of experimental data; the knowledge of the main complex in solution chemical equilibria and the ability to solve the problems that involve them; the knowledge of the basic principles and procedures of the most important classical and instrumental analytical techniques; the ability to discriminate the most suitable technique to solve a specific analytical problem; the ability to use the analytical language to describe analytical methods and to report the result correctly and unequivocally.
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Linea AK
Responsible
Lesson period
Second semester
Course syllabus
Statistical analyses of experimental data: errors in chemical analyses, statistical error treatment, confidence intervals, error propagation, t test, variance analysis.
Samples and analytical methods: sampling, standardization, calibration, sources and treatment of the error in the analytical process, characteristics of an analytical method (accuracy, precision, specificity and selectivity, linearity range, robustness).
Chemical equilibria: aqueous solutions, buffer solutions, multiple equilibria.
Classic methods of analysis: gravimetric analysis, titrations, neutralization titrations, complex acid / base systems, complexation and precipitation reactions and titrations. Applications.
Electrochemical methods: redox reactions, electrochemical cells, standard electrode reactions. Calculation of the potentials of electrochemical cells, equilibrium constants and the redox titration curve. Applications.
Spectroscopy analysis: electromagnetic radiation, radiation absorption, electromagnetic radiation emission, instruments for optical spectroscopy, molecular absorption spectroscopy, UV-visible and IR fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic spectroscopy, atomic and molecular mass spectrometry (principles, instrumentation and applications).
Separations: analytical separations by precipitation, extraction, ion exchange, chromatography (liquid and gas chromatography). Instruments and detectors. Applications.
Samples and analytical methods: sampling, standardization, calibration, sources and treatment of the error in the analytical process, characteristics of an analytical method (accuracy, precision, specificity and selectivity, linearity range, robustness).
Chemical equilibria: aqueous solutions, buffer solutions, multiple equilibria.
Classic methods of analysis: gravimetric analysis, titrations, neutralization titrations, complex acid / base systems, complexation and precipitation reactions and titrations. Applications.
Electrochemical methods: redox reactions, electrochemical cells, standard electrode reactions. Calculation of the potentials of electrochemical cells, equilibrium constants and the redox titration curve. Applications.
Spectroscopy analysis: electromagnetic radiation, radiation absorption, electromagnetic radiation emission, instruments for optical spectroscopy, molecular absorption spectroscopy, UV-visible and IR fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic spectroscopy, atomic and molecular mass spectrometry (principles, instrumentation and applications).
Separations: analytical separations by precipitation, extraction, ion exchange, chromatography (liquid and gas chromatography). Instruments and detectors. Applications.
Prerequisites for admission
The general inorganic chemistry course is a prerequisite for full understanding of the lessons. In addition, students should have acquired the basics of mathematics and physics.
Teaching methods
The course is organized in lectures (48 hours) in which the theoretical principles of qualitative and quantitative analysis and their applications will be illustrated. Numerical exercises related to analytical problems will also be performed in order to deepen the theoretical concepts covered in the course.
Teaching Resources
Recommended books: Holler, Crouch - Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Skoog & West; Harris - Chimica analitica quantitativa - 3° Ed - Zanichelli (2017);
Slides uploaded to the Ariel's website
Slides uploaded to the Ariel's website
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam test will consist of 2 exercises and three open-ended questions. The duration will be 2 hours in presence. The exam aims to assess the achievement of the following learning outcomes: knowledge of the procedures for processing and evaluating experimental data; the knowledge of the main complex in the solution of chemical balances and the ability to solve the problems that involve them; knowledge of the basic principles and procedures of the most important classical and instrumental analytical techniques; the ability to establish the most suitable technique to solve a specific analytical problem; the ability to use the analytical language to describe analytical methods and report the result correctly and unequivocally.
CHIM/01 - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - University credits: 6
Lessons: 48 hours
Professor:
D'Amato Alfonsina
Linea LZ
Responsible
Lesson period
Second semester
The Course teaching activities will be subject in their implementation, even with some program adaptation in case of need, to the health safety requirements for the containment of the Covid-19 epidemic, as required by the ministerial indications and by the regulations and by the Rectoral and/or Academic Senate circulars, as well as by the indications of the Directors of the involved Departments
Course syllabus
Part 1 Propedaeutic concepts.
Analytical Chemistry: definition, history, significance. Analytical methods. Sequence of steps in a typical quantitative analysis. Sampling. Elements of theory of errors applied to analytical chemistry; criteria for data treatment and statistical tests. Concentration scales, ionic strength, activities, activity coefficients. Recalling fundamental thermodynamic parameters of chemical and electrochemical systems and processes. Chemical potentials, standard states, equilibrium constants. Galvanic chains, Nernst law, electrochemical cells and ion-reversible electrodes, electrode potential scale.
Part 2 Equilibria in solution and volumetric analysis.
Titration methods: definitions and classification. Redox equlibria and related titrations; precipitation equlibria and related titrations; acid/base equilibria (including pH calculations and speciation diagrams) and related titrations; complexation equilibria and related titrations (in particular, with EDTA). In all cases examples of prediction/interpretation of titration diagrams for model systems.
Part 3 Introduction to instrumental analytical techniques.
Basic concepts, basic instrumentation and procedure details, and selected applicative examples, concerning key families of instrumental analytical techniques.
3.a. Electroanalysis
Conductimetry (direct measurements, conductimetric titrations). Potentiometry (reference electrodes, liquid junction potentials, salt bridges; membrane potentials, ion-selective electrodes, p-Ionometry and particularly pH-metry; potentiometric titrations). Hints about voltammetry, amperometry, biosensors, electronic tongues/noses.
3.b. Analytical spectroscopies
Electromagnetic radiation, wavelength ranges and related implications for light-matter interaction, radiation absorption and emission, Lambert-Beer law. Preliminary overview on selected spectroscopic techniques for elemental analysis or molecular analysis.
3.c. Analytical separations
Preliminary overview on analytical separations based on precipitation, extraction, ion exchange, chromatography with gas or liquid mobile phase.
Analytical Chemistry: definition, history, significance. Analytical methods. Sequence of steps in a typical quantitative analysis. Sampling. Elements of theory of errors applied to analytical chemistry; criteria for data treatment and statistical tests. Concentration scales, ionic strength, activities, activity coefficients. Recalling fundamental thermodynamic parameters of chemical and electrochemical systems and processes. Chemical potentials, standard states, equilibrium constants. Galvanic chains, Nernst law, electrochemical cells and ion-reversible electrodes, electrode potential scale.
Part 2 Equilibria in solution and volumetric analysis.
Titration methods: definitions and classification. Redox equlibria and related titrations; precipitation equlibria and related titrations; acid/base equilibria (including pH calculations and speciation diagrams) and related titrations; complexation equilibria and related titrations (in particular, with EDTA). In all cases examples of prediction/interpretation of titration diagrams for model systems.
Part 3 Introduction to instrumental analytical techniques.
Basic concepts, basic instrumentation and procedure details, and selected applicative examples, concerning key families of instrumental analytical techniques.
3.a. Electroanalysis
Conductimetry (direct measurements, conductimetric titrations). Potentiometry (reference electrodes, liquid junction potentials, salt bridges; membrane potentials, ion-selective electrodes, p-Ionometry and particularly pH-metry; potentiometric titrations). Hints about voltammetry, amperometry, biosensors, electronic tongues/noses.
3.b. Analytical spectroscopies
Electromagnetic radiation, wavelength ranges and related implications for light-matter interaction, radiation absorption and emission, Lambert-Beer law. Preliminary overview on selected spectroscopic techniques for elemental analysis or molecular analysis.
3.c. Analytical separations
Preliminary overview on analytical separations based on precipitation, extraction, ion exchange, chromatography with gas or liquid mobile phase.
Prerequisites for admission
Fundamentals of general and inorganic chemistry, stoichiometry principles, fundamentals of mathematics and physics.
Teaching methods
Lessons (principles and applicative examples)
Teaching Resources
Recommended text: Douglas A. Skoog, Donald M. West, F. James Holler, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Brooks Cole (or corresponding Italian edition).
Pdf files of ppt slides employed by the instructor are made available on the course Ariel website.
Further text of general scope: Daniel C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, W.H. Freeman & Co. (or corresponding Italian edition).
For those interested in further progress in the mathematical description of acid/base equilibria and corresponding titration curves: Robert De Levie Aqueous Acid-Base Equilibria and Titrations, Oxford Chemistry Primers.
Pdf files of ppt slides employed by the instructor are made available on the course Ariel website.
Further text of general scope: Daniel C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis, W.H. Freeman & Co. (or corresponding Italian edition).
For those interested in further progress in the mathematical description of acid/base equilibria and corresponding titration curves: Robert De Levie Aqueous Acid-Base Equilibria and Titrations, Oxford Chemistry Primers.
Assessment methods and Criteria
Written examination in presence (2 hours): questionnaire including open-answer questions, exercises and problems on the subjects treated. (excepting in emergency cases connected with the pandemy).
The examination aims to assess the achievement of the following learning targets: knowledge of procedures for data evaluation and processing ; knowledge of the four fundamental chemical equilibria in solution (acid/base, coordination, precipitation, redox) and related key thermodynamic quantities; ability to exploit equilibria to achieve key information concerning systems in aqueous solution as well as for simulation and interpretation of titrations based on the above four kinds of reactions; knowledge of principles, basic procedure, selected instrumentation and protocol details, applicative potentialities of fundamental analytical techniques, particularly instrumental ones.
The examination aims to assess the achievement of the following learning targets: knowledge of procedures for data evaluation and processing ; knowledge of the four fundamental chemical equilibria in solution (acid/base, coordination, precipitation, redox) and related key thermodynamic quantities; ability to exploit equilibria to achieve key information concerning systems in aqueous solution as well as for simulation and interpretation of titrations based on the above four kinds of reactions; knowledge of principles, basic procedure, selected instrumentation and protocol details, applicative potentialities of fundamental analytical techniques, particularly instrumental ones.
CHIM/01 - ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - University credits: 6
Lessons: 48 hours
Professor:
Mussini Patrizia Romana
Educational website(s)
Professor(s)
Reception:
From Monday to Friday, between 8.30 and 18.30, by appointment (to be requested by email))
In my office (Chemistry Department, West Wing, First Floor), or on the Teams platform in videoconference mode.