Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
The course provides basic understanding of the principles of drug administration, pharmacokinetics, biotransformation, pharmacodynamics and drug receptor interaction. The course emphasizes drugs belonging to the main pharmacological and chemotherapeutic classes. The pharmacological bases of veterinary therapy are also provided.Knowledge in veterinary toxicology is also provided with information on sources of intoxications, acute and chronic toxicity, toxicokinetic, metabolism and mechanism of actions of toxic substances, considering species-specific differences.
Expected learning outcomes
1) Knowledge and understanding: knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicology. Know the mechanisms of action of drugs, their use and safety. Know the main toxicants responsible for acute and chronic poisoning, in the various animal species, and their mechanisms of action.
2) Appling knowledge and understanding: to be able to choose an appropriate drug, to know the rules for its prescription and administration and to consider the risks and benefits of the treatment, as well as assess the kinetic profile and manage pharmacovigilance. Acquiring skills to evaluate poisoning episode in the different animal species, associating it with the main toxic agents.
3) Making judgments: will have to develop critical and judgmental skills by critically addressing the frontal and practical lessons and the study of the various topics on the material provided by the teacher and on the textbooks.
4) Communication skills: being able to expose the notions acquired with an appropriate terminology consistent with the terminology used in the other disciplines both during lectures, when intervening during classroom discussions, and during practical lessons.
5) Life long learning skills: being able to effectively face the study of professionalizing subjects in order to have a complete preparation to enter the world of work.
2) Appling knowledge and understanding: to be able to choose an appropriate drug, to know the rules for its prescription and administration and to consider the risks and benefits of the treatment, as well as assess the kinetic profile and manage pharmacovigilance. Acquiring skills to evaluate poisoning episode in the different animal species, associating it with the main toxic agents.
3) Making judgments: will have to develop critical and judgmental skills by critically addressing the frontal and practical lessons and the study of the various topics on the material provided by the teacher and on the textbooks.
4) Communication skills: being able to expose the notions acquired with an appropriate terminology consistent with the terminology used in the other disciplines both during lectures, when intervening during classroom discussions, and during practical lessons.
5) Life long learning skills: being able to effectively face the study of professionalizing subjects in order to have a complete preparation to enter the world of work.
Lesson period: First semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Lesson period
First semester
Prerequisites for admission
In order to take the Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology exam, the student must have passed the General Pathology and Microbiology and Veterinary Immunology exams.
Assessment methods and Criteria
Written Exam of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Four questions open for the part of Pharmacology and four questions open for the part of Toxicology.
To pass the exam it is necessary to have enough in both modules (Pharmacology and Toxicology)
The exam does not include an oral exam
Eight annual appeals are made
Four questions open for the part of Pharmacology and four questions open for the part of Toxicology.
To pass the exam it is necessary to have enough in both modules (Pharmacology and Toxicology)
The exam does not include an oral exam
Eight annual appeals are made
Veterinary Pharmacology
Course syllabus
The course provides basic understanding of the principles of drug administration, pharmacokinetics, biotransformation, pharmacodynamics and drug receptor interaction. The course emphasizes drugs belonging to the main pharmacological and chemotherapeutic classes. The pharmacological bases of veterinary therapy are also provided.
CREDITS N ° 5
Frontal teaching: 32 hours
Exercise teaching: 8 hours for the whole class
Lessons
History of pharmacology (2 hours)
Kinetics, mechanisms of absorption and distribution of drugs (2 hours)
Metabolism and elimination of drugs (2 hours)
Dynamics, dose response curves, agonists and antagonists (3 hours)
Regulatory Pharmacology, Maximum Residue Limits (2 hours)
Pharmaceutical, routes of administration (1 hour)
Special pharmacology
Autonomic nervous system (1 hour)
Drugs active on adrenergic and cholinergic transmission (2 hours)
CNS active drugs (1 hour)
Local anesthetics (1 hour)
General anesthetics and major tranquilizers (2 hours)
Opioid analgesics (1 hour)
Pharmacology of autacoids (2 hours)
Medicines to control inflammation (2 hours)
Cardiovascular pharmacology (2 hours)
Diuretic and antihistamine drugs (2 hours)
Antibacterial and antiparasitic drugs (2 hours)
Drugs active on the gastrointestinal tract (1 hour)
Respiratory Drugs (1 hour)
Exercises for the whole class (Seminars)
Seminar - Pharmacology Lexicon (2 hours)
Seminar - Veterinary Pharmacovigilance System (2 hours)
Seminar - Pharmaceutical preparations (2 hours)
Seminar - Regulatory (2 hours)
Prof. Petra P. Cagnardi
Exercise teaching in groups of 20 students: 32 total hours divided into 2 exercise blocks of 4 h each to be repeated 4 times.
Block 1
Analytical and extractive methods for the research of drugs from biological matrices (4h)
Block 2
Pharmacokinetic study, Prescription, Pharmacovigilance activity (4h)
CREDITS N ° 5
Frontal teaching: 32 hours
Exercise teaching: 8 hours for the whole class
Lessons
History of pharmacology (2 hours)
Kinetics, mechanisms of absorption and distribution of drugs (2 hours)
Metabolism and elimination of drugs (2 hours)
Dynamics, dose response curves, agonists and antagonists (3 hours)
Regulatory Pharmacology, Maximum Residue Limits (2 hours)
Pharmaceutical, routes of administration (1 hour)
Special pharmacology
Autonomic nervous system (1 hour)
Drugs active on adrenergic and cholinergic transmission (2 hours)
CNS active drugs (1 hour)
Local anesthetics (1 hour)
General anesthetics and major tranquilizers (2 hours)
Opioid analgesics (1 hour)
Pharmacology of autacoids (2 hours)
Medicines to control inflammation (2 hours)
Cardiovascular pharmacology (2 hours)
Diuretic and antihistamine drugs (2 hours)
Antibacterial and antiparasitic drugs (2 hours)
Drugs active on the gastrointestinal tract (1 hour)
Respiratory Drugs (1 hour)
Exercises for the whole class (Seminars)
Seminar - Pharmacology Lexicon (2 hours)
Seminar - Veterinary Pharmacovigilance System (2 hours)
Seminar - Pharmaceutical preparations (2 hours)
Seminar - Regulatory (2 hours)
Prof. Petra P. Cagnardi
Exercise teaching in groups of 20 students: 32 total hours divided into 2 exercise blocks of 4 h each to be repeated 4 times.
Block 1
Analytical and extractive methods for the research of drugs from biological matrices (4h)
Block 2
Pharmacokinetic study, Prescription, Pharmacovigilance activity (4h)
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons in pharmacology (4CFU) through presentations of slides and exercises in repeated groups (1CFU) in the laboratory with the use of analytical techniques and software for pharmacokinetic analysis. Practice on prescription and reporting pharmacovigilance.
Teaching Resources
Course slides available on the Teacher's ARIEL website.
Farmacologia Veterinaria - Carli-Ormas-Re-Soldani - Ed. Idelson-Gnocchi
Per consultazione:
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - Jim E. Riviere and Mark G. Papich - 9^ Ed. Wiley-Blackwell
A cura di Alfredo Gorio e Anna Maria Di Giulio - Rang & Dale Farmacologia - 8^ Ed. Masson
Farmacologia Veterinaria - Carli-Ormas-Re-Soldani - Ed. Idelson-Gnocchi
Per consultazione:
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics - Jim E. Riviere and Mark G. Papich - 9^ Ed. Wiley-Blackwell
A cura di Alfredo Gorio e Anna Maria Di Giulio - Rang & Dale Farmacologia - 8^ Ed. Masson
Veterinary toxicology
Course syllabus
General and experimental toxicology:
Introduction to the Veterinary Toxicology course, history, definitions, doses and classification of toxic substances (2 hours)
Toxicity studies, acute toxicity and repeated dose studies (2 hours)
Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, teratogenesis, reproductive toxicology (2 hours)
3R in Toxicology (1 hour)
Epidemiology of poisonings in different animal species in relation to the main classes of toxicants (1 hour)
Factors Affecting Toxicity (1 hour)
Special Toxicology
Toxic Plants: Plants containing active ingredients such as alkaloids, glucosides, oxalates etc., responsible for intoxication in pets (2 hours)
Mycotoxins: Aflatoxins, ochratoxins and fusariotoxins (fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone) (4 hours)
Pesticides and poisoning in pets: herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, molluscicides, rodenticides (6 hours)
Products of industrial origin: Dioxins and PCBs, Ethylene glycol, PFAS (3 hours)
Metals: Arsenic, Cadmium, Iron, Mercury, Lead, Copper, Selenium (2 hours)
Abused and illicit substances (2 hours)
Residue toxicity (2 hours)
Environmental toxicology: Ecotoxicity (2 hours)
Introduction to the Veterinary Toxicology course, history, definitions, doses and classification of toxic substances (2 hours)
Toxicity studies, acute toxicity and repeated dose studies (2 hours)
Carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, teratogenesis, reproductive toxicology (2 hours)
3R in Toxicology (1 hour)
Epidemiology of poisonings in different animal species in relation to the main classes of toxicants (1 hour)
Factors Affecting Toxicity (1 hour)
Special Toxicology
Toxic Plants: Plants containing active ingredients such as alkaloids, glucosides, oxalates etc., responsible for intoxication in pets (2 hours)
Mycotoxins: Aflatoxins, ochratoxins and fusariotoxins (fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone) (4 hours)
Pesticides and poisoning in pets: herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, molluscicides, rodenticides (6 hours)
Products of industrial origin: Dioxins and PCBs, Ethylene glycol, PFAS (3 hours)
Metals: Arsenic, Cadmium, Iron, Mercury, Lead, Copper, Selenium (2 hours)
Abused and illicit substances (2 hours)
Residue toxicity (2 hours)
Environmental toxicology: Ecotoxicity (2 hours)
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons in toxicology (4CFU) through slides presentations
Teaching Resources
Mengozzi e Soldani, Tossicologia Veterinaria, Idelson Gnocchi, 2010
G.D. Osweiler: Toxicology . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1996
C. Nebbia, Residui di Farmaci e Contaminanti Ambientali nelle Produzioni Animali, Edises 2009
Gupta R.C. Veterinary Toxicology 3nd Ed- Edited By Elsevier Academic Press, 2018.
Poppenga R.H, Gwaltney-Brant S. Small Animal Toxicology Essentials, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011
Didactic material is available on ARIEL
G.D. Osweiler: Toxicology . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 1996
C. Nebbia, Residui di Farmaci e Contaminanti Ambientali nelle Produzioni Animali, Edises 2009
Gupta R.C. Veterinary Toxicology 3nd Ed- Edited By Elsevier Academic Press, 2018.
Poppenga R.H, Gwaltney-Brant S. Small Animal Toxicology Essentials, Wiley-Blackwell, 2011
Didactic material is available on ARIEL
Veterinary Pharmacology
VET/07 - VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY - University credits: 5
Practicals: 16 hours
Lessons: 32 hours
Lessons: 32 hours
Shifts:
Professor:
Villa Roberto Edoardo
1- 4 turni da 4 ore per gruppi di studenti
Professor:
Di Cesare Federica2- 4 turni da 4 ore per gruppi di studenti
Professor:
Cagnardi Petra Pico'turno unico per tutti gli studenti
Professor:
Villa Roberto Edoardo
Veterinary toxicology
VET/07 - VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 32 hours
Professor:
Cagnardi Petra Pico'
Professor(s)
Reception:
By appointment from Monday to Friday
Dep. DIVAS Lodi