General Pathology and Physiopathology
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
In the course of General Pathology and pathophysiology are delineated the most important aspects of modern cellular and molecular pathology, as well as multicellular pathologic processes regarding degenerative, inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. Cellular physiopathology and the mechanisms underlying the pathology of specific organs and integrated functions are also considered.
Expected learning outcomes
Alla fine del corso lo studente dovrà:
● Possedere le conoscenze necessarie per capire, descrivere e riconoscere le cause determinanti ed i meccanismi patogenetici delle malattie dell'uomo, nonché l'eziopatogenesi delle alterazioni fondamentali delle strutture, delle funzioni e dei meccanismi di controllo ai vari livelli di integrazione.
● Saper prendere in esame gli aspetti biologico-molecolari delle principali patologie umane, considerando la cellula come base di riferimento.
● Saper risalire dai fenomeni elementari della cellula alle alterazioni tissutali ed alla possibile ripercussione sull'alterazione dell'omeostasi dell'organismo (malattia).
● Essere in grado di aggiornarsi anche mediante la consultazione di riviste scientifiche qualificate
● Possedere le conoscenze necessarie per capire, descrivere e riconoscere le cause determinanti ed i meccanismi patogenetici delle malattie dell'uomo, nonché l'eziopatogenesi delle alterazioni fondamentali delle strutture, delle funzioni e dei meccanismi di controllo ai vari livelli di integrazione.
● Saper prendere in esame gli aspetti biologico-molecolari delle principali patologie umane, considerando la cellula come base di riferimento.
● Saper risalire dai fenomeni elementari della cellula alle alterazioni tissutali ed alla possibile ripercussione sull'alterazione dell'omeostasi dell'organismo (malattia).
● Essere in grado di aggiornarsi anche mediante la consultazione di riviste scientifiche qualificate
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame alla fine del gruppo
Assessment result: Inserire codice AF
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Linea Policlinico
Course syllabus
General etiology
Define the concept of "cause" in pathology and illustrate the following mechanisms of the interaction between external agents and the living organism:
a) pathogenetic mechanisms (type of damage, interaction between intrinsic and acquired causative factors)
b) cell death (necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy)
c) damaging effect of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations at the level of molecules, cells, tissues and organisms
d) damaging effect of oxygen deficiency and adaptation mechanisms
e) ischemia and reperfusion injury. Heart attack
f) oxidative stress and related pathological conditions
Pathology of subcellular structures and the extracellular environment
Mitochondrial and Lysosomal diseases
Illustrate the main features of cellular regressive processes (eg steatosis).
Illustrate the pathologies of the extracellular matrix explaining the mechanisms through which alterations of the relationships between the extracellular environment and cells affect the functionality of the parenchyma. Consider both the alterations of components of the connective tissue (collagenopathies, fibrosis, cirrhosis) and phenomena of abnormal accumulation (amyloidosis).
Explain the features of cerebral amyloidosis (Alzheimer).
Inflammation
Expose the causative agents of inflammation, the vascular phenomena (alteration of permeability, exudate formation, etc.), the cells involved in the inflammatory process.
Define the molecular basis of leukocyte recruitment.
Describe the molecular basis of phagocytosis: mechanisms and defects.
Illustrate the chemical mediators that initiate and maintain the reaction by coordinating the succession of the various phases of inflammation.
Describe chronic inflammation.
Consider the interactions between immunity / inflammation and the pathogenesis of excess/deficit damage of the immune response.
Consider the interactions between immunity and phlogosis.
Define the interactions between phlogosis and the coagulation pathway.
Describe the molecular mechanisms of repair.
Consider the systemic manifestations of inflammation: leukocytosis, acute phase response, fever.
Define the concept of "cause" in pathology and illustrate the following mechanisms of the interaction between external agents and the living organism:
a) pathogenetic mechanisms (type of damage, interaction between intrinsic and acquired causative factors)
b) cell death (necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, apoptosis and autophagy)
c) damaging effect of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations at the level of molecules, cells, tissues and organisms
d) damaging effect of oxygen deficiency and adaptation mechanisms
e) ischemia and reperfusion injury. Heart attack
f) oxidative stress and related pathological conditions
Pathology of subcellular structures and the extracellular environment
Mitochondrial and Lysosomal diseases
Illustrate the main features of cellular regressive processes (eg steatosis).
Illustrate the pathologies of the extracellular matrix explaining the mechanisms through which alterations of the relationships between the extracellular environment and cells affect the functionality of the parenchyma. Consider both the alterations of components of the connective tissue (collagenopathies, fibrosis, cirrhosis) and phenomena of abnormal accumulation (amyloidosis).
Explain the features of cerebral amyloidosis (Alzheimer).
Inflammation
Expose the causative agents of inflammation, the vascular phenomena (alteration of permeability, exudate formation, etc.), the cells involved in the inflammatory process.
Define the molecular basis of leukocyte recruitment.
Describe the molecular basis of phagocytosis: mechanisms and defects.
Illustrate the chemical mediators that initiate and maintain the reaction by coordinating the succession of the various phases of inflammation.
Describe chronic inflammation.
Consider the interactions between immunity / inflammation and the pathogenesis of excess/deficit damage of the immune response.
Consider the interactions between immunity and phlogosis.
Define the interactions between phlogosis and the coagulation pathway.
Describe the molecular mechanisms of repair.
Consider the systemic manifestations of inflammation: leukocytosis, acute phase response, fever.
Prerequisites for admission
Basics of mathematic and statistic, Biology, Histology, Human Anatomy, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Physiology and Immunology
Teaching methods
Lectures. Slides made available to students on Ariel platform
Teaching Resources
Testi:
Pontieri: "Patologia Generale"
Robbins & Cotran "Le basi patologiche delle malattie"
Idelson-Gnocchi "Patologia generale"
Pontieri: "Patologia Generale"
Robbins & Cotran "Le basi patologiche delle malattie"
Idelson-Gnocchi "Patologia generale"
Assessment methods and Criteria
Oral exam
MED/04 - EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 36 hours
: 12 hours
: 12 hours
Shifts:
Linea San Donato
MED/04 - EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 4
Lessons: 36 hours
: 12 hours
: 12 hours
Shifts: