General Pathology
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
The course of General Pathology aims to provide the tools and elements to analyze the etiopathogenesis of human diseases. In particular, the course analyzes the acute, chronic and reparative inflammatory reaction and the fundamental mechanisms that regulate the immune system.
The course also aims to provide students with knowledge of cell physiopathology and of metabolic, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases.
The course also aims to provide students with knowledge of cell physiopathology and of metabolic, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases.
Expected learning outcomes
At the end of the General Pathology Course, students will need to know how to frame the etiopathogenesis of human diseases, classifying them in the fundamental groups (cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, neoplastic, etc.).
In particular, the students should be able to identify, for each pathological aspect, a molecular / cellular / tissue cause, indicating the primary etiological agent. It also requires that the fundamental pathogenetic mechanisms of the diseases addressed be understood.
In particular, the students should be able to identify, for each pathological aspect, a molecular / cellular / tissue cause, indicating the primary etiological agent. It also requires that the fundamental pathogenetic mechanisms of the diseases addressed be understood.
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course cannot be attended as a single course. Please check our list of single courses to find the ones available for enrolment.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Course syllabus
IMMUNOLOGY:
Tissue response to damage: Inflammation.
Acute inflammation: vascular phase; adhesion molecules and chemotaxis; Chemical mediators of inflammation: vasoactive amines, plasma proteins, arachidonic acid metabolites, cytokines and chemokines, nitric oxide (NO), oxygen-derived free radicals. Mononuclear phagocytes: pathogen recognition, receptors of innate immunity.
Chronic inflammation: cell mediators, granuloma, fibrosis.
Systemic responses to inflammation: fever, acute phase proteins, leukocytosis. Resolution of the inflammatory process. Repair by healing. Scar formation and fibrosis
Immunology and immunopathology
Innate and acquired immunity. The antigen recognition molecules: T Cell Receptor, B Cell Receptor; Major histocompatibility complex. Humoral immunity: B lymphocytes and antibodies, structure and functions. Primary and secondary antibody response. Monoclonal antibodies. Cell-mediated immunity: helper and cytotoxic T cells, antigen presentation. Cell cooperation in immune response, interleukins. Immunological tolerance and autoimmunity. Hypersensitivity reactions (Type I, II, III and IV). Vaccines.
GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Cellular pathology. Adaptation, response, damage. Accumulation diseases. Cell death: apoptosis and necrosis.
Water metabolism. Edema. Volume control and pathological aspects. Shock.
Oncology
Nomenclature and classification. benign and malignant tumors. Characteristics of the tumor cell: proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis. Carcinogenesis: mutations, oncogenes and tumor suppressors, cancer stem cells. Induced oncogenesis: chemical and viral. Tumor-host: cachexia, paraneoplastic syndromes, tumor markers.
Cardiovascular diseases
ischemia and infarction. Atherosclerosis, hemostasis and thrombosis, embolism. Metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity and diabetes.
Tissue response to damage: Inflammation.
Acute inflammation: vascular phase; adhesion molecules and chemotaxis; Chemical mediators of inflammation: vasoactive amines, plasma proteins, arachidonic acid metabolites, cytokines and chemokines, nitric oxide (NO), oxygen-derived free radicals. Mononuclear phagocytes: pathogen recognition, receptors of innate immunity.
Chronic inflammation: cell mediators, granuloma, fibrosis.
Systemic responses to inflammation: fever, acute phase proteins, leukocytosis. Resolution of the inflammatory process. Repair by healing. Scar formation and fibrosis
Immunology and immunopathology
Innate and acquired immunity. The antigen recognition molecules: T Cell Receptor, B Cell Receptor; Major histocompatibility complex. Humoral immunity: B lymphocytes and antibodies, structure and functions. Primary and secondary antibody response. Monoclonal antibodies. Cell-mediated immunity: helper and cytotoxic T cells, antigen presentation. Cell cooperation in immune response, interleukins. Immunological tolerance and autoimmunity. Hypersensitivity reactions (Type I, II, III and IV). Vaccines.
GENERAL PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Cellular pathology. Adaptation, response, damage. Accumulation diseases. Cell death: apoptosis and necrosis.
Water metabolism. Edema. Volume control and pathological aspects. Shock.
Oncology
Nomenclature and classification. benign and malignant tumors. Characteristics of the tumor cell: proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis. Carcinogenesis: mutations, oncogenes and tumor suppressors, cancer stem cells. Induced oncogenesis: chemical and viral. Tumor-host: cachexia, paraneoplastic syndromes, tumor markers.
Cardiovascular diseases
ischemia and infarction. Atherosclerosis, hemostasis and thrombosis, embolism. Metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity and diabetes.
Prerequisites for admission
Basic concepts of human anatomy and physiology, principles of cell biology
Teaching methods
The teaching is delivered through lectures held by the two teachers of the course.
Teaching Resources
Strayer - Rubin
Patologia Generale e Anatomia Patologica
Piccin, 2019 (II ed. italiana, VII ed. inglese)
Robbins
Fondamenti di Patologia e di Fisiopatologia
Edra, IX edizione 2014
Celotti Fabio
Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia
Edises, II Edizione 2013
Abbas, Lichtman, Pillai
Le basi dell'Immunologia
Edra, 2015
Mak, Saunders
Fondamenti di Immunologia
Zanichelli, 2012
Patologia Generale e Anatomia Patologica
Piccin, 2019 (II ed. italiana, VII ed. inglese)
Robbins
Fondamenti di Patologia e di Fisiopatologia
Edra, IX edizione 2014
Celotti Fabio
Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia
Edises, II Edizione 2013
Abbas, Lichtman, Pillai
Le basi dell'Immunologia
Edra, 2015
Mak, Saunders
Fondamenti di Immunologia
Zanichelli, 2012
Assessment methods and Criteria
The exam will include an oral exam consisting of two oral sub-tests carried out with the two teachers of the course and, concerning in a conceptual way, PHYSIOPATHOLOGY and IMMUNOLOGY. Each sub-test will include at least two questions and the final grade of the test will be represented by the mathematical average of the partial grades of the sub-tests.
MED/04 - EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 7
Lessons: 70 hours
Professors:
Basilico Nicoletta, Mariotti Massimo
Professor(s)