Functional Anatomy of the Locomotor and Nervous System
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
The aims of the course are:
- to describe in detail the anatomical components of the musculoskeletal system and of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- to describe the microscopic structure and the main metabolic processes of the tissues constituting the locomotor apparatus and of the nervous system;
- to indicate the biomechanical principles of joint and muscle functioning and link them with the morphology of the structures;
- to describe the principles of nerve impulse transmission and the main anatomical pathways of transmission;
- to describe the main mechanisms of regulation and integration of the afferent and nervous efferences;
- to describe the various components at the base of body movement and its regulation mechanisms.
- to describe in detail the anatomical components of the musculoskeletal system and of the central and peripheral nervous system;
- to describe the microscopic structure and the main metabolic processes of the tissues constituting the locomotor apparatus and of the nervous system;
- to indicate the biomechanical principles of joint and muscle functioning and link them with the morphology of the structures;
- to describe the principles of nerve impulse transmission and the main anatomical pathways of transmission;
- to describe the main mechanisms of regulation and integration of the afferent and nervous efferences;
- to describe the various components at the base of body movement and its regulation mechanisms.
Expected learning outcomes
The student will be able to: a) describe the macroscopic and structure and the physiological processes of the various anatomical components of the musculoskeletal system and of the central and peripheral nervous system; b) to describe the articular biomechanics generally and particularly of the principal joints a and muscles c) to describe the principles of nerve impulse transmission and the main anatomical pathways of transmission; d) to describe the main mechanisms of regulation and integration of the afferent and nervous efferences; e) to describe the various components at the base of body movement and its regulation mechanisms.
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
No prerequisites
Assessment methods and Criteria
Written test
Human anatomy
Course syllabus
NERVOUS TISSUE
EMBRIOLOGY Elements of organogenesis of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
NERVOUS APPARATUS
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Spinal cord: Macroscopic descriptive anatomy. Gray substance (description and organization). White matter (description and organization).
Brain stem. Descriptive macroscopic anatomy. Gray substance (nuclei of the cranial nerves; own nuclei). White matter (main ascending and descending projective pathways).
Cerebellum: Descriptive macroscopic anatomy. Gray substance (cortex and nuclei: description and organization; archicerebellum, paleocerebellum, neocerebellum). White matter (main connections).
Diencephalon: Descriptive macroscopic anatomy: subthalamus, thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, metatalamus.
Telencephalon: Descriptive macroscopic anatomy. Cerebral cortex: structure and functions; sensitive and motor areas. Semi-oval center; Limbic system Nuclei of the base and striatum.
Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid
CNS vascularization
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Cranial nerves and their innervation territories.
Spinal nerves, plexuses and related innervation territories.
Autonomous Nervous System (ANS)
Ortho- and parasympathetic: general organization.
Sense organs and systems
Receptors: Esteroreceptors, proprioceptors, introceptors.
Apparatus of specific sensitivity: in particular visual, auditory and vestibular apparatus.
Nervous pathways
Main afferent and efferent nervous pathways
LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS
Function, vascularization and innervation of the organs of the musculoskeletal system whose description was addressed in the course of Human Morphology (Anatomy Module).
EMBRIOLOGY Elements of organogenesis of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems
NERVOUS APPARATUS
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Spinal cord: Macroscopic descriptive anatomy. Gray substance (description and organization). White matter (description and organization).
Brain stem. Descriptive macroscopic anatomy. Gray substance (nuclei of the cranial nerves; own nuclei). White matter (main ascending and descending projective pathways).
Cerebellum: Descriptive macroscopic anatomy. Gray substance (cortex and nuclei: description and organization; archicerebellum, paleocerebellum, neocerebellum). White matter (main connections).
Diencephalon: Descriptive macroscopic anatomy: subthalamus, thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus, metatalamus.
Telencephalon: Descriptive macroscopic anatomy. Cerebral cortex: structure and functions; sensitive and motor areas. Semi-oval center; Limbic system Nuclei of the base and striatum.
Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid
CNS vascularization
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Cranial nerves and their innervation territories.
Spinal nerves, plexuses and related innervation territories.
Autonomous Nervous System (ANS)
Ortho- and parasympathetic: general organization.
Sense organs and systems
Receptors: Esteroreceptors, proprioceptors, introceptors.
Apparatus of specific sensitivity: in particular visual, auditory and vestibular apparatus.
Nervous pathways
Main afferent and efferent nervous pathways
LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS
Function, vascularization and innervation of the organs of the musculoskeletal system whose description was addressed in the course of Human Morphology (Anatomy Module).
Teaching methods
Lessons and practicals with 3D models of the human body
Teaching Resources
Barbatelli G. et al. Anatomia Umana Fondamenti. edi-ermes - Milano
Martini F.H. et al. Anatomia Umana VII Edizione. EdiSES - Napoli
Schünke M. Topografia e funzione dell'apparato locomotore. EdiSES - Napoli
Anastasi G et al. Trattato di Anatomia Umana Vol 1.1. Edi. Ermes - Milano. Barni et al.
Anatomia dell'apparato locomotore. Edises - Napoli
Cael C. Anatomia Funzionale. Piccin - Padova
Grasso G. Sistema nervoso centrale. Testo atlante di anatomia per lo studente. Piccin - Padova
Kiernan JA. Barr's: il sistema nervoso dell'uomo. EdiSES - Napoli
Turlough FitzGerald MJ et al. Neuroanatomia con riferimenti funzionali e clinici. V Edizione. Elsevier Masson - Milano Waxman SG. Neuroanatomia clinica. XXVI Edizione. Piccin - Padova
Alanti
AA.VV. Prometheus Atlante di Anatomia. EdiSES - Napoli
Anastasi G et al. Anatomia Umana Atlante. Vol. 1. Edi. Ermes - Milano
Kahle W., Frotscher M. Anatomia Umana. Atlante tascabile. 3 Sistema nervoso e organi di senso. CEA - Milano
Lumley JSP. Anatomia di superficie. Le basi anatomiche dell'esame clinico. II Edizione. CEA - Milano
Mc Minn R.M.H. et al., Atlante a colori di Anatomia Umana. CEA - Milano
Netter FH. Atlante di Anatomia Umana. Elsevier Masson - Milano.
Platzer W. Anatomia Umana Atlante tascabile. 1 Apparato locomotore. CEA - Milano
Martini F.H. et al. Anatomia Umana VII Edizione. EdiSES - Napoli
Schünke M. Topografia e funzione dell'apparato locomotore. EdiSES - Napoli
Anastasi G et al. Trattato di Anatomia Umana Vol 1.1. Edi. Ermes - Milano. Barni et al.
Anatomia dell'apparato locomotore. Edises - Napoli
Cael C. Anatomia Funzionale. Piccin - Padova
Grasso G. Sistema nervoso centrale. Testo atlante di anatomia per lo studente. Piccin - Padova
Kiernan JA. Barr's: il sistema nervoso dell'uomo. EdiSES - Napoli
Turlough FitzGerald MJ et al. Neuroanatomia con riferimenti funzionali e clinici. V Edizione. Elsevier Masson - Milano Waxman SG. Neuroanatomia clinica. XXVI Edizione. Piccin - Padova
Alanti
AA.VV. Prometheus Atlante di Anatomia. EdiSES - Napoli
Anastasi G et al. Anatomia Umana Atlante. Vol. 1. Edi. Ermes - Milano
Kahle W., Frotscher M. Anatomia Umana. Atlante tascabile. 3 Sistema nervoso e organi di senso. CEA - Milano
Lumley JSP. Anatomia di superficie. Le basi anatomiche dell'esame clinico. II Edizione. CEA - Milano
Mc Minn R.M.H. et al., Atlante a colori di Anatomia Umana. CEA - Milano
Netter FH. Atlante di Anatomia Umana. Elsevier Masson - Milano.
Platzer W. Anatomia Umana Atlante tascabile. 1 Apparato locomotore. CEA - Milano
Neurology
Course syllabus
Functional anatomy of the central and peripheral nervous system.
The somatic sensitivity.
Motor control: the pyramidal system.
Motor control: the extrapyramidal system (basal ganglia and cerebellum).
The visual pathways.
The vestibular system.
The somatic sensitivity.
Motor control: the pyramidal system.
Motor control: the extrapyramidal system (basal ganglia and cerebellum).
The visual pathways.
The vestibular system.
Teaching methods
The teaching method consists of frontal lessons, usually with the help of slides.
Teaching Resources
The slides projected during the lesson will be provide directly in the classroom.
Giuseppe Alloatti et al, Fisiologia dell'Uomo, Edi-ermes
Giuseppe Alloatti et al, Fisiologia dell'Uomo, Edi-ermes
Musculoskeletal system diseases
Course syllabus
- BASICS OF APPLIED BIOMECHANICS
- GENERAL CONCEPTS of FUNTIONAL ANATOMY OF LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS:
o Relationship between biomechanical function and micro- and macro-structure, and physiology of the main elements of locomotor apparatus:
Bone tissue and bones;
Cartilaginous tissue and articular and growing Cartilages;
Capsular and ligamentous tissues and joints;
Muscular and tendinous tissues and muscles;
- SYSTEMATIC FUNTIONAL ANATOMY OF LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS:
o Biomechanical function of the main joints and relative muscles:
Intervertebrali joints: disk and facet joints
Scapulo-humeral cingulum: sterno-clavicular, acromio-clavicular, scapulo-thoracic, and scapulo-humeral joints;
Elbow, wrist, and radio-ulnar joints;
Hand;
Pelvic cingulum: sacro-iliacs, pubic synphisis, hip;
knee;
ankle and foot;
Thorax and abdomen.-
- GENERAL CONCEPTS of FUNTIONAL ANATOMY OF LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS:
o Relationship between biomechanical function and micro- and macro-structure, and physiology of the main elements of locomotor apparatus:
Bone tissue and bones;
Cartilaginous tissue and articular and growing Cartilages;
Capsular and ligamentous tissues and joints;
Muscular and tendinous tissues and muscles;
- SYSTEMATIC FUNTIONAL ANATOMY OF LOCOMOTOR APPARATUS:
o Biomechanical function of the main joints and relative muscles:
Intervertebrali joints: disk and facet joints
Scapulo-humeral cingulum: sterno-clavicular, acromio-clavicular, scapulo-thoracic, and scapulo-humeral joints;
Elbow, wrist, and radio-ulnar joints;
Hand;
Pelvic cingulum: sacro-iliacs, pubic synphisis, hip;
knee;
ankle and foot;
Thorax and abdomen.-
Teaching methods
The teaching method consists of frontal lessons, usually with the help of slides.
Teaching Resources
Le diapositive proiettate saranno disponibili sulla piattaforma Ariel.
I seguenti testi potranno essere consultati per la preparazione dell'esame (The following textbooks could be used to preapare the final exam):
· FH Netter - Atlante di Anatomia e fisiopatologia clinica volume B - Edra - Masson Ed.
· Grassi F, Negrini D, porro CA - Fisiologia umana - capitolo 21 - Biomeccanica dell'apparato muscoloscheletrico POLETTO ED.
· AL Kapandji - Anatomia funzionale ( Opera in 3 volumi ) - Monduzzi Ed.
· FP Kendall, et. Al. - I muscoli - Funzioni e test con postura e dolore - Verduci Ed.
· J Hochschild - Apparato locomotore - Anatomia e funzioni - Aspetti pratici per la terapia manuale - Edi-ermes ED
I seguenti testi potranno essere consultati per la preparazione dell'esame (The following textbooks could be used to preapare the final exam):
· FH Netter - Atlante di Anatomia e fisiopatologia clinica volume B - Edra - Masson Ed.
· Grassi F, Negrini D, porro CA - Fisiologia umana - capitolo 21 - Biomeccanica dell'apparato muscoloscheletrico POLETTO ED.
· AL Kapandji - Anatomia funzionale ( Opera in 3 volumi ) - Monduzzi Ed.
· FP Kendall, et. Al. - I muscoli - Funzioni e test con postura e dolore - Verduci Ed.
· J Hochschild - Apparato locomotore - Anatomia e funzioni - Aspetti pratici per la terapia manuale - Edi-ermes ED
Human anatomy
BIO/16 - HUMAN ANATOMY - University credits: 3
Practicals: 15 hours
Lessons: 20 hours
Lessons: 20 hours
Professor:
Gibelli Daniele Maria
Musculoskeletal system diseases
MED/33 - ORTHOPAEDICS - University credits: 2
Lessons: 20 hours
Shifts:
Professor:
Pietrogrande Luca
Don Gnocchi
Professor:
Antonini GuidoSan Carlo
Professor:
Antonini GuidoSan Paolo
Professor:
Da Gama Malcher Marco
Neurology
MED/26 - NEUROLOGY - University credits: 1
Lessons: 10 hours
Professor:
Pagani Rossella
Shifts:
Don Gnocchi
Professor:
Pagani RossellaSan Carlo
Professor:
Pagani RossellaSan Paolo
Professor:
Pagani RossellaProfessor(s)
Reception:
By appointment via e-mail
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, V. Mangiagalli, 31 - Milan