Biomedical Sciences 2
A.Y. 2024/2025
Learning objectives
- Develop the knowledge of the causes of human diseases and of the fundamental pathogenetic and pathophysiological mechanisms;
- Know the fundamental notions related to pathogenic microorganisms and the interactions between microorganism and host;
- Develop the knowledge of the causes of diseases of infectious, professional and environmental origin.
- Know the fundamental notions related to pathogenic microorganisms and the interactions between microorganism and host;
- Develop the knowledge of the causes of diseases of infectious, professional and environmental origin.
Expected learning outcomes
At the end of the course the student must have acquired the basic knowledge of microbiology and the main microorganisms responsible for human diseases, present in the environment, in food and in the workplace. This knowledge will be fundamental to understand the in-depth courses planned in the following years.
He will also need to know the basic pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for occupational diseases.
He will also need to know the basic pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for occupational diseases.
Lesson period: Second semester
Assessment methods: Esame
Assessment result: voto verbalizzato in trentesimi
Single course
This course can be attended as a single course.
Course syllabus and organization
Single session
Responsible
Prerequisites for admission
Know the anatomy of the human body
Know the mechanisms of human vital functions
Know the main concepts of biology
Know the mechanisms of human vital functions
Know the main concepts of biology
Assessment methods and Criteria
-The exam is in a written form with open questions
-The results of examinations are comunicated by e-mail message after registration on electronic register
-The results of examinations are comunicated by e-mail message after registration on electronic register
Experimental medicine and pathophysiology
Course syllabus
CELLULAR PATHOLOGY
Cellular adaptations
Intracellular accumulations: Steatosis
Cell damage
Biochemical mechanisms of cell damage
Ischemia and reperfusion injury
Necrosis
Apoptosis
ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY
Chemical agents and physical agents as cause of disease
THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Acute inflammation:
Alterations of microcirculation and cellular events
Chemical mediators of acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation:
Interstitial inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation: tuberculosis, foreign body granuloma
The pneumoconiosis
The systemic response to damage
The reparative process
IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
General aspects of the innate and acquired immune response
Cells and organs of the immune system
Antigen recognition
Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
Hypersensitivity reactions
Autoimmunity
NEOPLASTIC DISEASES
Control of cell growth and non-neoplastic disturbances of cell proliferation
Neoplastic growth: characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms
Nomenclature and classification criteria for tumors
Mechanisms of local invasion and metastasis
The molecular basis of tumors: oncogenes and tumor suppressors
Carcinogens and their cellular interactions: chemical, physical and microorganism carcinogenesis
Epidemiological aspects of tumors
Occupational cancer risk
Effects of cancer on the host
Cellular adaptations
Intracellular accumulations: Steatosis
Cell damage
Biochemical mechanisms of cell damage
Ischemia and reperfusion injury
Necrosis
Apoptosis
ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY
Chemical agents and physical agents as cause of disease
THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Acute inflammation:
Alterations of microcirculation and cellular events
Chemical mediators of acute inflammation
Chronic inflammation:
Interstitial inflammation
Granulomatous inflammation: tuberculosis, foreign body granuloma
The pneumoconiosis
The systemic response to damage
The reparative process
IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
General aspects of the innate and acquired immune response
Cells and organs of the immune system
Antigen recognition
Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses
Hypersensitivity reactions
Autoimmunity
NEOPLASTIC DISEASES
Control of cell growth and non-neoplastic disturbances of cell proliferation
Neoplastic growth: characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms
Nomenclature and classification criteria for tumors
Mechanisms of local invasion and metastasis
The molecular basis of tumors: oncogenes and tumor suppressors
Carcinogens and their cellular interactions: chemical, physical and microorganism carcinogenesis
Epidemiological aspects of tumors
Occupational cancer risk
Effects of cancer on the host
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons assisted by visual tools
Teaching Resources
- G.M. Pontieri ELEMENTI DI PATOLOGIA GENERALE IV Edizione PICCIN
-Testo di consultazione:
Vademecum delle malattie infettive professionali - Z. Bisoffi, S. Dolci, F. Lombardini et al- PICCIN
-Testo di consultazione:
Vademecum delle malattie infettive professionali - Z. Bisoffi, S. Dolci, F. Lombardini et al- PICCIN
Microbiology
Course syllabus
General microbiology
Differences between the structure and the existing organization in the cells of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms
Differences between micro-organisms and viruses
Main modes of transmission of infectious agents
Concepts of commensalism, parasitism, infection and disease
Sterilization and disinfection
Criteria for the collection and transport of biological samples for microbiological diagnosis in the laboratory
Characteristics of bacteria
Main methods for morphological study of bacteria
Ultrastructure and functions of different bacterial cell structures, cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and Mycobacteria, capsule, pili and flagella)
Stages of bacterial growth
Notes on bacterial metabolism
Environmental factors influencing growth
Concepts of pathogenicity and virulence
Factors of bacterial virulence
Exotoxins and endotoxins
Outline of the process of sporulation
Main antibacterial drugs and hints about the drug resistance
Main preventive measures for the control of bacterial infections
Characteristics of mushrooms
Fungal cell.
Method of transmission of fungal agents
Main features of fungal virulence
General information on mycosis
Main antifungal drugs
Main preventive measures for the control of fungal infections
Characteristics of parasites
Morphology
Differences between protozoa and metazoa
Main methods of combating parasites
Main antiparasitic drugs
Characteristics of viruses
Structure and classification of animal viruses
Infection of a cell by animal viruses
Mode of transmission of viral infections
. Pathogenesis of viral infections
Main preventive measures for the control of viral infections
Prions
Clinical microbiology
Bacteriology
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseriae meningitidis and Neisseriae gonorrhoeae
Bacillus spp
Clostridium spp.
Mycobacterium spp
Main pathogenic species of Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella)
Brucella
Legionella pneumophila
Listeria monocytogenes
Mycology
Candida albicans
Aspergillus fumigatus
Virology
Herpesviridae important for humans
Virus of human hepatitis
Orthomyxovirus
Rhabdovirus
HIV virus and its role in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
. Coronavirus
Differences between the structure and the existing organization in the cells of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms
Differences between micro-organisms and viruses
Main modes of transmission of infectious agents
Concepts of commensalism, parasitism, infection and disease
Sterilization and disinfection
Criteria for the collection and transport of biological samples for microbiological diagnosis in the laboratory
Characteristics of bacteria
Main methods for morphological study of bacteria
Ultrastructure and functions of different bacterial cell structures, cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and Mycobacteria, capsule, pili and flagella)
Stages of bacterial growth
Notes on bacterial metabolism
Environmental factors influencing growth
Concepts of pathogenicity and virulence
Factors of bacterial virulence
Exotoxins and endotoxins
Outline of the process of sporulation
Main antibacterial drugs and hints about the drug resistance
Main preventive measures for the control of bacterial infections
Characteristics of mushrooms
Fungal cell.
Method of transmission of fungal agents
Main features of fungal virulence
General information on mycosis
Main antifungal drugs
Main preventive measures for the control of fungal infections
Characteristics of parasites
Morphology
Differences between protozoa and metazoa
Main methods of combating parasites
Main antiparasitic drugs
Characteristics of viruses
Structure and classification of animal viruses
Infection of a cell by animal viruses
Mode of transmission of viral infections
. Pathogenesis of viral infections
Main preventive measures for the control of viral infections
Prions
Clinical microbiology
Bacteriology
Staphylococcus aureus
Neisseriae meningitidis and Neisseriae gonorrhoeae
Bacillus spp
Clostridium spp.
Mycobacterium spp
Main pathogenic species of Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella)
Brucella
Legionella pneumophila
Listeria monocytogenes
Mycology
Candida albicans
Aspergillus fumigatus
Virology
Herpesviridae important for humans
Virus of human hepatitis
Orthomyxovirus
Rhabdovirus
HIV virus and its role in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
. Coronavirus
Teaching methods
Frontal lessons assisted by visual tools
Teaching Resources
-Eudes Lanciotti - MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA - Casa Editrice Ambrosiana. Distribuzione Zanichelli
DISPONIBILE ANCHE IN VERSIONE e-book
DISPONIBILE ANCHE IN VERSIONE e-book
Experimental medicine and pathophysiology
MED/04 - EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - University credits: 3
Lessons: 30 hours
Professor:
Bendinelli Paola
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Bendinelli Paola
Microbiology
MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGY AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - University credits: 3
Lessons: 30 hours
Professor:
Sisto Francesca
Shifts:
Turno
Professor:
Sisto FrancescaProfessor(s)